1. Academic Validation
  2. A novel small-molecule activator of procaspase-3 induces apoptosis in cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in human breast, liver and gallbladder cancer xenografts

A novel small-molecule activator of procaspase-3 induces apoptosis in cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in human breast, liver and gallbladder cancer xenografts

  • Mol Oncol. 2014 Dec;8(8):1640-52. doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.015.
Fangyang Wang 1 Lihui Wang 1 Yanfang Zhao 2 Yi Li 1 Guanfang Ping 1 Shu Xiao 1 Kang Chen 1 Wufu Zhu 2 Ping Gong 3 Jingyu Yang 4 Chunfu Wu 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
  • 2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
  • 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: gongpinggp@126.com.
  • 4 Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: yangjingyu2006@gmail.com.
  • 5 Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: wucf@syphu.edu.cn.
Abstract

Purpose: Procaspase-3, a proenzyme of apoptotic executioner Caspase-3, is overexpressed in numerous tumors. We aimed to characterize a novel procaspase-3 activator, WF-210, which may have potential as an Anticancer drug.

Experimental design: The procaspase-3 activating ability, antitumor efficacy, mechanisms of action, and toxicity profiles of WF-210 were investigated in vitro and in vivo, using normal cells, Cancer cells, and mouse xenograft models. The role of procaspase-3 in WF-210-induced Apoptosis was explored by manipulating procaspase-3 expression in cultured cells.

Results: WF-210 activated procaspase-3 with an EC50 of 0.95 μM, less than half that of its mother compound PAC-1 (2.08 μM). The mechanism involved the chelation of inhibitory zinc ions, subsequently resulting in an auto-activation of procaspase-3. WF-210 was more cytotoxic than PAC-1 to human Cancer cells, but less cytotoxic to normal cells. Cancer cells with high procaspase-3 expression, like HL-60 and U-937, were particularly sensitive. WF-210-induced the Apoptosis of HL-60 and U-937 cells by activating procaspases and promoting proteasome-dependent degradation of XIAP and Survivin. The level of WF-210-induced Apoptosis in cultured cells was related to the level of procaspase-3 expression. Finally, WF-210 was superior to PAC-1 in retarding the in vivo growth of breast, liver and gallbladder xenograft tumors which overexpress procaspase-3, and induced no substantial weight loss or neurotoxicity. WF-210 and PAC-1 had no effect on the growth of MCF-7 xenograft tumors, which do not express procaspase-3.

Conclusion: We identified WF-210 as a potent small-molecule activator of procaspase-3. The favorable antitumor activity and acceptable toxicity profile of WF-210 provide a strong rationale for its clinical evaluation in the treatment of tumors with high procaspase-3 expression.

Keywords

Apoptosis; Procaspase-3; Small molecular activator; Tumor.

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