Eotaxin-3/CCL26  (趋化因子 CCL26)

CCL26，又称 Eotaxin-3、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 4-alpha (MIP-4-alpha)，一种 CC 趋化因子家族的小细胞因子，在人类基因组中位于第 7 号染色体上。在多种组织中表达，包括心脏、肺和卵巢，以及在受到细胞因子白细胞介素 4 刺激的内皮细胞中。对嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞具有趋化作用，并通过与细胞表面趋化因子受体 CCR3 或者是 CX3CR1 结合而发挥作用。其中，CCR3 是一种在嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和一些 Th2 细胞上选择性表达的 CCR。CCR3 被认为与 Th2 介导的疾病有关，包括 AD 和哮喘，而 CX3CR1 与 Th1 介导的疾病有关，例如类风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、扁平苔藓和牛皮癣等。CCL26可能通过吸引 CCR3 表达细胞和 CX3CR1 表达细胞，在过敏和其他疾病（如嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎和 Churg-Strauss 综合征）的发病机制中发挥双重作用。除此之外 CCL26 还充当 CCR1、CCR2 和 CCR5 的天然拮抗剂^[1][2]。

CCL26, also known as Eotaxin-3, macrophage inflammatory protein 4-alpha (MIP-4-alpha), a small cytokine of the CC chemokine family, is located on chromosome 7 in the human genome. It is expressed in a variety of tissues, including heart, lung and ovary, and in endothelial cells stimulated by the cytokine interleukin 4. It is chemotactic for eosinophils and basophils and acts by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CCR3 or CX3CR1. Among them, CCR3 is a CCR selectively expressed on eosinophils, basophils and some Th2 cells.CCR3 is thought to be associated with Th2-mediated diseases, including AD and asthma, while CX3CR1 is associated with Th1-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, lichen planus and psoriasis. CCL26 may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of allergy and other diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome by attracting both CCR3-expressing cells and CX3CR1-expressing cells. In addition, CCL26 also acts as a natural antagonist of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5^[1][2].

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