凝胶迁徙技术（Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, EMSA）是一种用于研究蛋白与核酸相互作用的实验方法。通过将目标蛋白与荧光标记的核酸结合，形成复合物，然后在凝胶中进行电泳，可以观察到由于蛋白-核酸结合而引起的迁移差异。EMSA 可用于分析 DNA 结合蛋白、研究蛋白与RNA、DNA 相互作用，以及探索基因调控机制。这种简单而敏感的技术在分子生物学和基因调控研究中得到广泛应用。

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) is an experimental method used to study the interaction between proteins and nucleic acids. By combining target proteins with fluorescently labeled nucleic acids, forming complexes, and then performing electrophoresis in a gel, differences in migration due to protein-nucleic acid binding can be observed. EMSA can be used to analyze DNA-binding proteins, study protein-RNA and DNA interactions, and explore gene regulatory mechanisms. This simple and sensitive technique is widely used in molecular biology and gene regulation research.