1. Signaling Pathways
  2. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
    Stem Cell/Wnt
  3. GSK-3

GSK-3 (糖原合成酶激酶3)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3; Glycogen synthase kinase 3

糖原合酶激酶 3 (GSK-3) 是一种多功能丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,由两种亚型组成,即 α 和 β。它是受体酪氨酸激酶、细胞因子和 Wnt 信号通路的高度保守负调节剂。这些通路的刺激会抑制 GSK-3 调节各种下游效应因子,包括转录因子、营养传感器、糖原合成、线粒体功能、昼夜节律和细胞命运。GSK-3 还调节响应 T 细胞受体激活的选择性剪接,最近的磷酸化蛋白质组学研究表明,多种剪接因子和 RNA 生物合成调节因子以 GSK-3 依赖的方式进行磷酸化。

GSK-3 的功能障碍或异常活动会导致多种疾病,如阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和其他神经退行性疾病,以及其他类型的疾病,如糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症。GSK-3 还与针对病原体的先天免疫反应有关,这使得 GSK-3 成为治疗干预的绝佳靶点。

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase consisting of two isoforms, alpha and beta. It is a highly conserved negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase, cytokine, and Wnt signaling pathways. Stimulation of these pathways inhibits GSK-3 to modulate diverse downstream effectors that include transcription factors, nutrient sensors, glycogen synthesis, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythm, and cell fate. GSK-3 also regulates alternative splicing in response to T-cell receptor activation, and recent phosphoproteomic studies have revealed that multiple splicing factors and regulators of RNA biosynthesis are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent manner.

The malfunction or aberrant activity of GSK-3 leads to several of disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, and other type of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. GSK-3 is also related to innate immune response against pathogens, which makes GSK-3 an excellent target for therapeutic intervention.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114903
    (E/Z)-BIO-acetoxime Inhibitor
    (E/Z)-BIO-acetoxime (GSK-3 Inhibitor X) 是一种有效的选择性 GSK-3α/β 抑制剂,IC50 为 10 nM。(E/Z)-BIO-acetoxime 对 GSK-3α 具有超过 CDK5/p25CDK2/cyclin ACDK1/cyclin B (IC50=2.4, 4.3, 63 μM) 200 倍的选择性。
    (E/Z)-BIO-acetoxime
  • HY-126771
    Chrysomycin A Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Chrysomycin A (Chr-A) 是一种抗生素,能够来源于链霉菌。Chrysomycin A 表现出抗肿瘤和抗结核和 MRSA 活性。特别是在胶质母细胞瘤中,Chrysomycin A 通过 Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin 信号通路抑制癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。
    Chrysomycin A
  • HY-N1121
    Triptonodiol Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Triptonodiol 可从 Trypterygium wilfordii 中分离得到。Triptonodiol 具有抗炎和抗癌活性。Triptonodiol 抑制 GSK 的生物学活性。
    Triptonodiol
  • HY-148132
    GSK-3β inhibitor 11 Inhibitor 98.02%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 11 (compound 21) 是一种糖原合成酶-3β (GSK-3β) 抑制剂 (IC50=10.02 μM)。GSK-3β inhibitor 11 可用于神经退行性疾病的研究。
    GSK-3β inhibitor 11
  • HY-148329
    GSK3-IN-2 Inhibitor 99.87%
    GSK3-IN-2 (compound 8) 是一种有效的 GSK3 抑制剂。
    GSK3-IN-2
  • HY-B0320AR
    Cromolyn disodium (Standard)

    色甘酸钠 (标准品)

    Inhibitor
    Cromolyn disodium (Standard) (Cromoglycate disodium (Standard)) 是 Cromolyn disodium (HY-B0320A) 的分析标准品。本产品用于研究及分析应用。 Cromolyn (Cromoglycate) disodium 是一种口服有效的 GSK-3β 抑制剂,IC50 为 2.0 μM。Cromolyn disodium 也是一种肥大细胞稳定剂,能抑制肥大细胞释放介质、调节反射性支气管收缩和降低非特异性支气管高反应性,可用支气管哮喘的研究。此外,Cromolyn disodium 还具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗组胺、抗肿瘤和神经保护等多种活性。
    Cromolyn disodium (Standard)
  • HY-116830B
    BRD5648 99.94%
    BRD5648 ((R)-BRD0705) 是一种 BRD0705 的 阴性对照,BRD0705 是一种有效的,具有旁系选择性和口服活性的 GSK3α 抑制剂,IC50 为 66 nM,Kd 为 4.8 μM。BRD0705 与 GSK3β (IC50 为 515 nM) 相比,对 GSK3α 的选择性更高 (8 倍)。BRD0705 可用于急性髓细胞性白血病。
    BRD5648
  • HY-W014901S
    Bisphenol F-13C6 Activator 98.32%
    Bisphenol F-13C6 是一种 13C 标记的 Bisphenol F (HY-W014901)。Bisphenol F 是一种口服活性内分泌干扰物。Bisphenol F 促进 ROS 生成,上调 p-AKT/p-GSK3β,诱导凋亡 (Apoptosis)。Bisphenol F 干扰糖代谢、影响神经发育和生殖功能。Bisphenol F 降低小鼠后代的社交新奇偏好。Bisphenol F 可用于骨、血液、脂肪相关研究。Bisphenol F 用作 Bisphenol A (HY-18260) 替代品。
    Bisphenol F-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B1619S
    Cromolyn-d5

    色甘酸-d5

    Inhibitor
    Cromolyn-d5 (Cromoglycate-d5) 是 Cromolyn (HY-B1619) 的氘代物。 Cromolyn (Cromoglycate) 是一种口服有效的 GSK-3β 抑制剂,IC50 为 2.0 μM。Cromolyn 也是一种肥大细胞稳定剂,能抑制肥大细胞释放介质、调节反射性支气管收缩和降低非特异性支气管高反应性,可用支气管哮喘的研究。此外,Cromolyn 还具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗组胺、抗肿瘤和神经保护等多种活性。
    Cromolyn-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-164476
    ES-072 Activator 98.05%
    ES-072 是一种口服有效的选择性 EGFR 突变体 (EGFR-T790M) 抑制剂。ES-072 通过抑制 EGFR-T790M 活性来激活 GSK3α,从而促进 PD-L1 在 Ser279 和 Ser283 位点的磷酸化。磷酸化的 PD-L1 促使 E3 泛素连接酶 ARIH1 的招募,进一步标记 PD-L1 进行泛素化和蛋白酶体介导的降解。这一机制不仅减少了癌症细胞的生长,还通过降低 PD-L1 的水平,增强了抗肿瘤免疫反应。ES-072 可用于抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞 (NSCLC) 增殖。
    ES-072
  • HY-10182C
    Laduviglusib dihydrochloride Inhibitor
    Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021) dihydrochloride是一种有效的,选择性的,具有口服活性的 GSK-3α 抑制剂,IC50 为 10 nM 和 6.7 nM。Laduviglusib dihydrochloride 对 GSK-3 的选择性比 CDC2,ERK2 和其他蛋白激酶高 500 倍以上。Laduviglusib dihydrochloride 还是一种有效的 Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路激活剂。Laduviglusib dihydrochloride 可增强小鼠和人类胚胎干细胞的自我更新。Laduviglusib dihydrochloride 能诱导细胞自噬。
    Laduviglusib dihydrochloride
  • HY-128879
    VP3.15 Inhibitor
    VP3.15 是高效、口服生物可利用的, CNS 可渗透的 PDE7-GSK3 双重抑制剂,对 PDE7 和 GSK3 作用的 IC50 值分别为 1.59 μM 和 0.88 μM。VP3.15 具有神经保护和神经修复活性,可用于多发性硬化症 (MS) 潜在的抗炎和促髓鞘再生联合的研究。
    VP3.15
  • HY-174272
    GSK-3β inhibitor 27 Inhibitor
    GSK-3β inhibitor 27 (Compound 1c) 是一种可逆的竞争性 GSK-3β 抑制剂,IC50 值为 2.2 μM。GSK-3β inhibitor 27 抑制 tau 过度磷酸化,减少 Aβ 蛋白聚集,具有金属螯合和神经保护潜力。GSK-3β inhibitor 27 有望用于神经退行性疾病 (如阿尔茨海默病) 的研究。
    GSK-3β inhibitor 27
  • HY-P3713
    Presenilin 1 (349-361)
    Presenilin 1 (349-361) 是一种活性肽,代表氨基酸 349-361 的合成肽可在体外被 GSK3β 磷酸化。Presenilin 1 (349-361) 可用于各种疾病的研究。
    Presenilin 1 (349-361)
  • HY-174398
    GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 Inhibitor
    GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 是一种强效的 GSK-3β 抑制剂 (IC50 为 0.04 μM)、HDAC2 (IC50 为 1.05 μM,Ki 为 0.070 μM),和 HDAC6 抑制剂 (IC50 为 1.52 μM,Ki 为 0.017 μM)。GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 抑制 HDAC2HDAC6 的活性,并阻止 tau 蛋白的过度磷酸化。GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 展现出神经保护作用且无明显的毒性。GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 可用于阿尔兹海默症的研究。
    GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-150537
    AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 Inhibitor
    AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 (compound GT15) 是一种有效的双重 AChE/GSK-3β 抑制剂,对 hAChE、hBChE 和 hGSK-3β 的IC50 值分别为 1.2、149.8 和 22.4 nM。AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 能穿透血脑屏障(BBB)。AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1对 CMGC 激酶家族具有较高的激酶选择性。AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 占据 DYRK1A 的 ATP 结合位点。AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 抑制 ROS 表达降低氧化应激。AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 可用以阿尔兹海默症研究。
    AChE/GSK-3β-IN-1
  • HY-168857
    GSK-3β inhibitor 24 Inhibitor
    GSK-3β inhibitor 24 (Compound 41) 是一种有效的 GSK-3β 抑制剂,IC50 为 0.22 nM。GSK-3β inhibitor 24 能剂量依赖性地增加 GSK-3β 在 Ser9 位点的磷酸化。GSK-3β inhibitor 24 通过降低 p-tau-Ser396 的丰度来抑制 tau 蛋白的过度磷酸化。GSK-3β inhibitor 24 能上调 β-catenin 和神经发生相关标记物 (GAP43 and MAP-2)。GSK-3β inhibitor 24 具有显著的抗阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 作用。
    GSK-3β inhibitor 24
  • HY-P1113
    Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2(substrate)
    Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2 (substrate) 是糖原合酶激酶-3 (GSK-3) 的肽底物,可用于蛋白丝氨酸激酶的亲和纯化。
    Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2(substrate)
  • HY-B1619R
    Cromolyn (Standard)

    色甘酸 (Standard)

    Inhibitor
    Cromolyn (Standard) 是 Cromolyn 的分析标准品。本产品用于研究及分析应用。Cromolyn (Cromoglycate) 是一种口服有效的 GSK-3β 抑制剂,IC50 为 2.0 μM。Cromolyn 也是一种肥大细胞稳定剂,能抑制肥大细胞释放介质、调节反射性支气管收缩和降低非特异性支气管高反应性,可用支气管哮喘的研究。此外,Cromolyn 还具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗组胺、抗肿瘤和神经保护等多种活性。
    Cromolyn (Standard)
  • HY-170417
    hAChE/hBuChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 Inhibitor
    hAChE/hBuChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 (Compound 6c) 是一种能透过血脑屏障的多靶点抗阿尔茨海默症的化合物。hAChE/hBuChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 是 hAChE (IC50: 28.88 nM)、hBuChE (IC50: 131.90 nM) 和 GSK-3β (IC50: 51.42 nM) 的抑制剂。hAChE/hBuChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 是 tau 蛋白和 蛋白聚集的抑制剂。
    hAChE/hBuChE/GSK-3β-IN-1
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 种属 表达系统
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 应用 反应物种

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes. GSK-3 is one of the few signaling mediators that play central roles in a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnt, PI3K, growth factors, cytokines, and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. The PI3K pathway is known for regulating metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival. The PI3K activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors. PI3K-mediated production of PIP3 leads to the activation of Akt. The activation of Akt leads to the phosphorylation of GSK-3, which is active in resting cells, but is inactivated by the phosphorylation. The GSK-3 has been linked to the regulation of an assembly of transcription factors, including β-catenin, NF-κB, c-Jun, CREB, and STAT. Thus, the altered activity of GSK-3 causes various effects on cytokine expression. 

 

In the absence of Wnt signaling, β-catenin is phosphorylated by CK1 and GSK-3. This phosphorylation leads to recognition by β-TrCP, leading to the ubiquitylation of β-catenin and degradation by the proteasome. Upon binding of a lipid-modified Wnt protein to the receptor complex, a signaling cascade is initiated. LRP is phosphorylated by CK1/CK2 and GSK-3, and Axin is recruited to the plasma membrane. The kinases in the β-catenin destruction complex are inactivated and β-catenin translocates to the nucleus to form an active transcription factor complex with TCF, leading to transcription of a large set of target genes.

 

Some endogenous growth factors could bind to and activate the tyrosine kinase receptor. This facilitates the recruitment of other proteins (SHC, SOS), which results in the activation of the ERK-MAPK cascade and the inhibition of GSK-3. GSK-3 exerts many cellular effects: it regulates cytoskeletal proteins, and is important in determining cell survival/cell death. GSK-3 has also been identified as a target for the actions of lithium. GSK-3 can inhibit glycogen synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPG to glycogen[1][2].

 

Reference:

[1]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74. 
[2]. Conrad M, et al. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):348-66. 

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