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  2. Incensole derivatives from frankincense: Isolation, enhancement, synthetic modification, and a plausible mechanism of their anti-depression activity

Incensole derivatives from frankincense: Isolation, enhancement, synthetic modification, and a plausible mechanism of their anti-depression activity

  • Bioorg Chem. 2022 Sep;126:105900. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105900.
Najeeb Ur Rehman 1 Sulaiman Al-Shidhani 1 Nasiara Karim 2 Ajmal Khan 3 Imran Khan 4 Sobia Ahsan Halim 1 Sajid Khan Sadozai 5 Satya Kumar Avula 1 Rene Csuk 6 Ahmed Al-Harrasi 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
  • 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  • 3 Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman. Electronic address: ajmalkhan@unizwa.edu.om.
  • 4 Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, KPK, Pakistan.
  • 5 Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat Pakistan.
  • 6 Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
  • 7 Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman. Electronic address: aharrasi@unizwa.edu.om.
Abstract

Encouraged by the potent anti-depression activities of incensole (1) and incensole acetate (2) isolated from the resin of Boswellia papyrifera in our previous work, different derivatives of 1 and 2 were synthesized in the present study. The reaction of 1 with m-CPBA afforded the mono-epoxide derivative 3a, while the same reaction with 2 led to three different epoxide derivatives 3a, 3b, and 3c. Oxidation of 1 with PCC to get compound 3b, however along with the target 3b, the reaction gave three interesting side products (3c-3e). Oxime (3b-1) resulted from the reaction of 3b with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine, while epoxidation of 2 generate three epoxide products (4a-4c). The structures of all products were unambiguously confirmed using NMR and Mass spectrometry. Compounds 3a-e and 4a-c (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) demonstrated promising anti-depression activities in classical mouse models of depression of FST and TST. The results showed that compounds 3a-e and 4a-c (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) caused dose dependent reduction in immobility time compared to the vehicle control, with 3c-3e and 4b-4c demonstrating higher potency and efficacy. The findings of the open field test excluded the motor effects of these compounds, thus further confirming their anti-depression activity. Preliminary investigation into their mechanism of action using GABA antagonist, PTZ and molecular docking has predicted that compounds 3e and 4c bind at the GABA binding site of GABAA receptor to produce GABAergic effects. Furthermore, the promising anti-depression potency of compounds 1 and 2 and their derivatives make them lead compounds for drug discovery.

Keywords

Anti-depression; Boswellia papyrifera; Forced swimming test; Frankincense; GABA; Incensole; Molecular docking; Tail suspension test.

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