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  2. Generic approach for the discovery of drug metabolites in horses based on data-dependent acquisition by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and its applications to pharmacokinetic study of daprodustat

Generic approach for the discovery of drug metabolites in horses based on data-dependent acquisition by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and its applications to pharmacokinetic study of daprodustat

  • Anal Bioanal Chem. 2022 Oct 1. doi: 10.1007/s00216-022-04347-2.
Hideaki Ishii 1 2 Mariko Shibuya 3 Kanichi Kusano 4 Yu Sone 4 Takahiro Kamiya 5 Ai Wakuno 5 Hideki Ito 5 Kenji Miyata 6 Fumio Sato 7 Taisuke Kuroda 7 Masayuki Yamada 3 Gary Ngai-Wa Leung 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan. h-ishii@lrc.or.jp.
  • 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. h-ishii@lrc.or.jp.
  • 3 Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan.
  • 4 Veterinarian Section, Equine Department, Japan Racing Association, 6-11-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan.
  • 5 Equine Veterinary Clinic, Horse Racing School, Japan Racing Association, 835-1 Ne, Shiroi, Chiba, 270-1431, Japan.
  • 6 JRA Equestrian Park Utsunomiya Office, 321-4 Tokamicho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0856, Japan.
  • 7 Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Abstract

In drug metabolism studies in horses, non-targeted analysis by means of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition (DDA) has recently become increasingly popular for rapid identification of potential biomarkers in post-administration biological samples. However, the most commonly encountered problem is the presence of highly abundant interfering components that co-elute with the target substances, especially if the concentrations of these substances are relatively low. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of expanding DDA coverage for the identification of drug metabolites by applying intelligently generated exclusion lists (ELs) consisting of a set of chemical backgrounds and endogenous substances. Daprodustat was used as a model compound because of its relatively lower administration dose (100 mg) compared to other hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers and the high demand in the detection sensitivity of its metabolites at the anticipated lower concentrations. It was found that the entire DDA process could efficiently identify both major and minor metabolites (flagged beyond the pre-set DDA threshold) in a single run after applying the ELs to exclude 67.7-99.0% of the interfering peaks, resulting in a much higher chance of triggering DDA to cover the analytes of interest. This approach successfully identified 21 metabolites of daprodustat and then established the metabolic pathway. It was concluded that the use of this generic intelligent "DDA + EL" approach for non-targeted analysis is a powerful tool for the discovery of unknown metabolites, even in complex plasma and urine matrices in the context of doping control.

Keywords

Daprodustat; Data-dependent scan; Doping control; Equine; Hypoxia-induced factor stabilizer; Metabolism study.

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