Hemoglobin 

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin in the blood transports oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to other tissues of the body, where it releases oxygen to enable aerobic respiration, thus powering the animal's metabolism. In addition, hemoglobin has the function of buffering the pH of the blood. When acidic or alkaline substances increase in the blood, hemoglobin can maintain the relative stability of the blood pH by binding to or releasing hydrogen ions, ensuring the normal activity of various enzymes in the body. Abnormalities in the structure or function of hemoglobin are related to blood diseases such as sickle cell anemia^[1].

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