AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is an enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis. It consists of three proteins (subunits) that together make a functional enzyme. The net effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation andketogenesis, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and lipogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake by pancreatic beta-cells. AMPK acts as a metabolic master switch regulating several intracellular systems including the cellular uptake of glucose, the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the biogenesis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and mitochondria.
Urolithin B 是 ellagitannins 的肠道微生物代谢产物之一,具有抗炎和抗氧化作用。Urolithin B 通过降低 IκBα 的磷酸化和降解来抑制NF-κB活性。Urolithin B 抑制 JNK、ERK 和 Akt 的磷酸化,增强 AMPK 的磷酸化。Urolithin B 也是骨骼肌质量的调节因子。
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