2. 重组蛋白
  3. Cytokines and Growth Factors
  4. FGF Family

FGF Family  (FGF 家族)

成纤维细胞生长因子 (FGFs) 是一类结构相关的多肽生长因子，在调节细胞增殖、迁移、分化和凋亡中发挥多种不同作用。FGFs 以肝素/硫酸肝素作为辅助因子与其受体 (FGFRs) 结合来发挥作用，被活化的FGFRs 通过招募特定分子介导信号，这些分子结合在受体胞质部分的磷酸化的酪氨酸上，触发一系列信号通路，如RAS-MAPK、PI3K-AKT、PLCγ 和 STAT 信号通路，并导致特定的细胞反应。哺乳动物的 Fgf 家族包含 22 个基因，已知其中 18 个编码的蛋白 (FGF1-FGF10 和 FGF16-FGF23)可以通过四种高度保守的跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体 (FGFR1、FGFR2、FGFR3和FGFR4) 传递信号。FGF同源因子 (FGF11/FGF12/FGF13/FGF14) 与FGF家族序列一致，但不激活FGFRs，因此通常不被认为是FGF家族的成员。 FGFs 在脊椎动物物种之间的基因结构和氨基酸序列都高度保守。

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors that have diverse roles in regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. The FGFs exert multiple functions by binding to FGF receptors (FGFRs) with heparin/heparan sulphate as a cofactor. Activated FGFRs mediate signaling by recruiting specific molecules that bind to phosphorylated tyrosine at the cytosolic part of the receptor, triggering a number of signaling pathways, such as RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, and STAT signaling pathways, and leading to specific cellular responses. The mammalian Fgf family contains 22 genes, 18 of which encode proteins (FGF1-FGF10 and FGF16-FGF23) known to signal through four highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4). The FGF homologous factors (FGF11, FGF12, FGF13, and FGF14) have high sequence identity with the FGF family but do not activate FGFRs and are therefore not generally considered members of the FGF family. FGFs are highly conserved in both gene structure and amino-acid sequence between vertebrate species.

 
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