2. 重组蛋白
  3. Cytokines and Growth Factors
  4. Peptide Hormone & Neuropeptides

Peptide Hormone & Neuropeptides  (肽激素和神经肽)

激素通过结合特定的激素受体介导靶细胞的变化。肽激素是一种经过加工和分泌的小肽或蛋白，通过膜受体发出信号，在正常和病理生理中发挥重要作用。肽激素是由激素前体细胞的蛋白水解裂解产生的短肽 (<100 个氨基酸)。成熟的多肽通过分泌途径被释放到细胞外空间，在那里它们可以与特定的细胞表面受体结合并调节细胞功能。大多数肽激素通过与 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 结合来调节细胞内信号通路和调节细胞内稳态。
神经肽是多种神经元分泌的多肽，具有神经调节、神经递质或激素功能。大多数神经肽信号通过 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCRs) 传递，只有少数例外。神经肽在许多生理过程中发挥着不同的作用，是治疗某些神经系统疾病的潜在靶点。
神经肽和肽激素都是由同一组酶合成、修饰和降解的。此外，两者可以作为附近的自分泌和旁分泌剂，在远处作为内分泌剂。神经肽和肽激素之间的唯一区别是神经肽是由神经元合成和使用的。事实上，几乎所有的神经肽都被认为是肽激素，反之亦然。重要的是要记住，神经肽不仅存在于神经系统中——它们在中枢神经系统内外都起作用。

Hormones mediate changes in target cells by binding to specific hormone receptors. Peptide hormones are small, processed, and secreted peptides or protein that signal via membrane receptors and play critical roles in normal and pathological physiology. Peptide hormones are short peptides (<100 amino acids) produced by the proteolytic cleavage of pre-pro-hormone precursors. Mature peptides pass through the secretory pathway and are released into the extracellular space, where they can bind to specific cell surface receptors and modulate cellular functions. Most peptide hormones modulate intracellular signaling pathways and regulate cellular homeostasis by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR).
Neuropeptides are diverse neuron-secreted peptides with neuromodulatory, neurotransmitter, or hormonal functions. Most neuropeptides signal via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with a few exceptions. Neuropeptides play a variety of roles in many physiological processes and serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of some nervous-system disorders.
Both neuropeptide and peptide hormones are synthesized, modified, and degraded by the same sets of enzymes. Furthermore, both can act nearby as autocrine and paracrine agents and at a distance as endocrine agents. The only distinction between neuropeptides and peptide hormones is that a neuropeptide is synthesized and used by a neuron. Indeed, nearly all neuropeptides are also found as peptide hormones and vice/versa. It is important to keep in mind that neuropeptides are not just in the nervous system – they act both in and out of the CNS.

 
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 种属 表达系统
目录号 产品名 作用方式 纯度