1. Academic Validation
  2. Antagonism of human CC-chemokine receptor 4 can be achieved through three distinct binding sites on the receptor

Antagonism of human CC-chemokine receptor 4 can be achieved through three distinct binding sites on the receptor

  • Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2013 Dec;1(2):e00019. doi: 10.1002/prp2.19.
Robert J Slack 1 Linda J Russell 1 Nick P Barton 2 Cathryn Weston 1 Giovanna Nalesso 1 Sally-Anne Thompson 1 Morven Allen 3 Yu Hua Chen 3 Ashley Barnes 3 Simon T Hodgson 4 David A Hall 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Lead Optimisation, Respiratory CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK.
  • 2 Computational Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK.
  • 3 Biological Reagents and Assay Development, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK.
  • 4 Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK.
Abstract

Chemokine Receptor antagonists appear to access two distinct binding sites on different members of this receptor family. One class of CCR4 antagonists has been suggested to bind to a site accessible from the cytoplasm while a second class did not bind to this site. In this report, we demonstrate that antagonists representing a variety of structural classes bind to two distinct allosteric sites on CCR4. The effects of pairs of low-molecular weight and/or chemokine CCR4 antagonists were evaluated on CCL17- and CCL22-induced responses of human CCR4(+) T cells. This provided an initial grouping of the antagonists into sets which appeared to bind to distinct binding sites. Binding studies were then performed with radioligands from each set to confirm these groupings. Some novel receptor theory was developed to allow the interpretation of the effects of the antagonist combinations. The theory indicates that, generally, the concentration-ratio of a pair of competing allosteric modulators is maximally the sum of their individual effects while that of two modulators acting at different sites is likely to be greater than their sum. The low-molecular weight antagonists could be grouped into two sets on the basis of the functional and binding experiments. The antagonistic chemokines formed a third set whose behaviour was consistent with that of simple competitive antagonists. These studies indicate that there are two allosteric regulatory sites on CCR4.

Keywords

Allosteric modulator; CCL17; CCL22; CCR4; CCR4 antagonist; T cell; chemokine.

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