1. Academic Validation
  2. Chemerin-9, a potent agonist of chemerin receptor (ChemR23), prevents atherogenesis

Chemerin-9, a potent agonist of chemerin receptor (ChemR23), prevents atherogenesis

  • Clin Sci (Lond). 2019 Aug 20;133(16):1779-1796. doi: 10.1042/CS20190336.
Kengo Sato 1 Hayami Yoshizawa 2 Tomomi Seki 2 3 Remina Shirai 2 Tomoyuki Yamashita 2 Taisuke Okano 2 Koichiro Shibata 2 Miyu J Wakamatsu 2 Yusaku Mori 4 Toshisuke Morita 3 Taka-Aki Matsuyama 5 6 Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda 6 Tsutomu Hirano 4 Takuya Watanabe 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan ksato@toyaku.ac.jp.
  • 2 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
  • 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
  • 4 Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
  • 5 Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
  • 6 Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
Abstract

Plasma levels of chemerin, an adipocytokine produced from the adipose tissues and liver, are associated with metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease (CAD). Chemerin and its analog, chemerin-9, are known to bind to their receptor, ChemR23. However, whether chemerin and chemerin-9 affect atherogenesis remains to be elucidated. We investigated the expression of chemerin and ChemR23 in human coronary arteries and cultured human vascular cells. The effects of chemerin and chemerin-9 on atheroprone phenomena were assessed in human THP1 monocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and aortic lesions in Apoe-/- mice. In patients with CAD, a small amount of ChemR23, but not chemerin, was expressed within atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries. Chemerin and ChemR23 were expressed at high levels in THP1 monocytes, THP1-derived macrophages, and HUVECs; however, their expression in HASMCs was weak. Chemerin and chemerin-9 significantly suppressed the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced mRNA expression of adhesion and pro-inflammatory molecules in HUVECs. Chemerin and chemerin-9 significantly attenuated the TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP1 monocytes to HUVECs and macrophage inflammatory phenotype. Chemerin and chemerin-9 suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation associated with down-regulation of CD36 and up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). In HASMCs, chemerin and chemerin-9 significantly suppressed migration and proliferation without inducing Apoptosis. In the Apoe-/- mice, a 4-week infusion of chemerin-9 significantly decreased the areas of aortic atherosclerotic lesions by reducing intraplaque macrophage and SMC contents. Our results indicate that chemerin-9 prevents atherosclerosis. Therefore, the development of chemerin analogs/ChemR23 agonists may serve as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic diseases.

Keywords

atherosclerosis; chemerin; endothelial cell; macrophage; vascular smooth muscle cell.

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