1. Academic Validation
  2. GREM2 is associated with human central obesity and inhibits visceral preadipocyte browning

GREM2 is associated with human central obesity and inhibits visceral preadipocyte browning

  • EBioMedicine. 2022 Apr;78:103969. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103969.
Wen Liu 1 Danjie Li 2 Minglan Yang 2 Long Wang 2 Yu Xu 2 Na Chen 2 Zhiyin Zhang 2 Juan Shi 2 Wen Li 2 Shaoqian Zhao 2 Aibo Gao 2 Yufei Chen 2 Qinyun Ma 2 Ruizhi Zheng 2 Shujing Wu 2 Yifei Zhang 2 Yuhong Chen 2 Shuwen Qian 3 Yufang Bi 2 Weiqiong Gu 2 Qiqun Tang 3 Guang Ning 1 Ruixin Liu 2 Weiqing Wang 2 Jie Hong 2 Jiqiu Wang 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endoceine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
  • 2 Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
  • 3 The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
  • 4 Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endoceine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wangjq@shsmu.edu.cn.
Abstract

Background: Some circulating proteins are linked to central adiposity. Gremlin 2 (GREM2) functions as a secreted factor involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Here, we investigated the association of blood GREM2 levels and central adiposity, and the biological roles of GREM2 in the browning program of visceral preadipocytes.

Methods: Three independent cohorts were applied to detect circulating GREM2 levels. Recombinant Grem2 protein, Grem2 overexpression and knockout mouse models, and preadipocyte-specific Bmpr2 knockout mice were used to assess the roles of Grem2 in the browning program.

Findings: We detected the presence of GREM2 protein in human serum using an ELISA approach. We revealed elevated GREM2 levels in severely obese subjects and validated this finding in a large-scale community population involving 10,327 subjects. Notably, serum GREM2 was positively associated with visceral fat volume, as quantified by 3D reconstruction methods. In mice, Grem2 was highly expressed in visceral fat and liver tissues, while surgical removal of visceral fat lowered circulating Grem2 levels. Visceral fat secreted more Grem2 in obese mice. Grem2-overexpressed mice exhibited a reduced browning ability of visceral fat, whereas Grem2 ablation enhanced the browning capacity and reduced visceral fat content. Mechanistically, Grem2 attenuated the browning program of visceral preadipocytes partially by antagonizing BMP4/7-SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Further, genetic deletion of Bmpr2 in PDGFRα+ preadipocytes abolished the antagonistic effect of Grem2.

Interpretation: These findings indicate that GREM2 might function as a circulating protein factor associated with human visceral adiposity, and Grem2 inhibits the browning capacity of visceral preadipocytes partially by BMP4/7-BMPR2 signaling pathway.

Funding: The complete list of funders can be found in the Acknowledgement section.

Keywords

Browning; Central obesity; GREM2; Serum biomarker; Visceral fat.

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