Integrated multi-omics analysis of metabolome and transcriptome profiles during bovine adipocyte differentiation reveals functional divergence of FADS2 isoforms in lipid metabolism regulation

Background: Fat metabolism plays an important role in animal health and economic benefits. However, the changes in gene expression and metabolites during fat metabolism have not been systematically studied in bovine.

Results: This study integrates transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies to delineate the metabolic and gene expression profiles during the adipogenesis of bovine preadipocytes in four different stages. Totally, we identified 328 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 5257 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during adipogenesis. Functional enrichment of both DEMs and DEGs highlighted the important roles of fatty acid metabolic pathways. By integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we identified key genes potentially regulating fatty acid metabolism, including FADS2, ACOT7 and ACOT2. We further applied comparison for the functional differences between two FADS2 isoforms (FADS2-T0 and FADS2-T2). The results proved that the lipid metabolism regulated by FADS2-2 has changed due to the loss of 46 Amino acids with a transmembrane domain, which finally altering its promoting effect on bovine fat deposition.

Conclusions: In summary, our research provides important resources and key candidate genes for a systematic understanding of the changes in gene expression and lipid metabolism during the process of fat deposition.

FADS2; Bovine adipocytes; Isoforms; Metabolite; Transcriptome; Unsaturated fatty acids.