2. Academic Validation
  3. Engineering microalgae-based oxygenators for hypoxia relief and enhanced photodynamic therapy against biofilms in diabetic wounds healing

Engineering microalgae-based oxygenators for hypoxia relief and enhanced photodynamic therapy against biofilms in diabetic wounds healing

  • J Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 Sep 12;702(Pt 2):139007. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.139007.
Yu Zheng 1,  Yanxin Wu 2,  Ruping Li 2,  Ruotong Yang 2,  Ke Liu 3,  Zhanlin Zhang 4,  Ya Liu 5,  Yao He 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, PR China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
  • 2 School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
  • 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
  • 4 Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu 610051, PR China. Electronic address: zlzhang@cmc.edu.cn.
  • 5 Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China. Electronic address: liuyaya918@163.com.
  • 6 School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, PR China. Electronic address: heyao2010@cdutcm.edu.cn.
PMID: 40961552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.139007
Abstract

Diabetic wounds present complex therapeutic challenges due to Bacterial infection, persistent inflammation, microvascular hypoxia, and biofilm formation. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) enables Antibacterial activity in deep tissues, its efficacy is limited under hypoxic conditions and within biofilms. To address this, we developed an engineered microalgae-based oxygen-generating system capable of sustained in situ oxygen production to alleviate hypoxia, enhance PDT effectiveness, and disrupt biofilms. Specifically, these oxygenators comprise Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) was encapsulated within a bioactive metal-phenolic network formed by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Fe3+ ions via layer-by-layer assembly, followed by loading with the Photosensitizer tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), resulting in a multifunctional system designated as Cv@EFe-TCPP. The embedded Cv continuously produces oxygen through photosynthesis, a process modulated by the thickness of the coating. Meanwhile, the metal-phenolic coating and TCPP generate Reactive Oxygen Species upon light irradiation. The endogenous oxygen supply significantly improves PDT efficiency by mitigating hypoxia, thereby enhancing Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory outcomes. In addition, under light exposure, Cv@EFe-TCPP promotes cell migration, reduces inflammatory responses, and stimulates angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, without inducing detectable side effects in normal tissues. This study extends the scope of PDT-based Antibacterial strategies by integrating photosynthetic oxygen production, offering a promising therapeutic platform for diabetic wound healing.

Keywords

Chlorella vulgaris; Diabetic wound; Engineering oxygenators; Oxygen production; Photodynamic therapy.

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