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  3. Triclosan exposure exacerbates muscle wasting via senescence and IGF-1 pathway suppression: A combined epidemiological and experimental study

Triclosan exposure exacerbates muscle wasting via senescence and IGF-1 pathway suppression: A combined epidemiological and experimental study

  • Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Oct 1:304:119142. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119142.
Zhenlin Yang 1,  Liangshi Hao 2,  Amila Kuati 3,  Xiang Wang 4,  Ziling Qian 5,  Changning Hao 5,  Junli Duan 6,  Boshen Yang 7,  Yuankang Zhu 8
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
  • 2 Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
  • 3 Department of Rehabilitation, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
  • 4 Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
  • 5 Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
  • 6 Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: duanjunli@xinhuamed.com.cn.
  • 7 Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: yangboshen23@163.com.
  • 8 Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: 15258683336@sjtu.edu.cn.
PMID: 41045744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119142
Abstract

Triclosan, a broad-spectrum bactericide in various consumer products, has become a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, with detectable residues found in aquatic systems and human urine. Although studies demonstrated its potential to impair muscle strength, population-level evidence and mechanistic insights linking triclosan exposure to muscle health remain underexplored. This study leveraged 2878 participants data from NHANES, and suggested that individuals in the highest quartile of urinary creatinine-corrected triclosan levels exhibited a 0.18 kg/m2 reduction in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) [β = -0.18, 95 % CI (-0.35, -0.01)] compared to those in the lowest quartile. Importantly, bilirubin was identified as an oxidative stress mediator, explaining 16.799 % of this adverse association. Experimental evidence determined that triclosan accelerates muscle wasting through oxidative imbalance and muscle senescence. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) served as an essential role in the development of triclosan-induced muscle wasting. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that triclosan could directly interact with IGF-1. The results of experiments demonstrated that triclosan induces muscle senescence and oxidative stress by inhibiting the IGF-1/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, administration of IGF-1 protein mitigated muscle wasting by reducing oxidative stress and muscle senescence, offering a potential mechanism for counteracting triclosan-induced muscle wasting. This study not only underscores the detrimental effects of triclosan on muscle health but also establishes a mechanistic link between triclosan exposure and muscle wasting. These findings emphasize the need for environmental and public health policies to alleviate the negative effects of triclosan on muscle health.

Keywords

IGF-1; Muscle; Oxidative stress; Senescence; Triclosan.

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