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  2. Preventive and therapeutic potential of p38 alpha-selective mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor in nonobese diabetic mice with type 1 diabetes

Preventive and therapeutic potential of p38 alpha-selective mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor in nonobese diabetic mice with type 1 diabetes

  • J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):99-107. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.097857.
Satyanarayana Medicherla 1 Andrew A Protter Jing Ying Ma Ruban Mangadu Ramona Almirez Bruce Koppelman Irene Kerr Tony A Navas Fabiola Movius Mamatha Reddy Yu-Wang Liu Gregory Luedtke John Perumattam Babu Mavunkel Sundeep Dugar George F Schreiner
Affiliations

Affiliation

  • 1 Scios Inc., 6500 Paseo Padre Parkway, Fremont, CA 94555, USA. smediche@scius.jnj.com
Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous proteins that function within T cells in both normal and stress-related pathophysiological states, including type 1 diabetes. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops T cell-mediated autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction that is similar to type 1 diabetes in humans. Because p38 MAPKs have been shown to modulate T cell function, we studied the effects of a p38alpha MAPK-selective inhibitor, indole-5-carboxamide (SD-169), on the development and progression of type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse. In preventive treatment studies, SD-169 significantly reduced p38 and HSP60 expression in T cells of the pancreatic beta islets. Following treatment, the incidence of diabetes as determined by blood glucose levels was significantly lower, and immuno-histochemistry of pancreatic beta islet tissue demonstrated significant reduction in CD5+ T cell infiltration in the SD-169 treatment group as compared with untreated NOD mice. In therapeutic studies using mildly and moderately hyperglycemic NOD mice, SD-169 treatment lowered blood glucose and improved glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, following cessation of SD-169 treatment, NOD mice showed significant arrest of diabetes. In conclusion, we report that this p38alpha-selective inhibitor prevents the development and progression of diabetes in NOD mice by inhibiting T cell infiltration and activation, thereby preserving beta cell mass via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. These results have bearing on current prophylactic and therapeutic protocols using p38alpha-selective inhibitors in the prediabetic period for children at high risk of type 1 diabetes, in the honeymoon period, and for adults with latent autoimmune diabetes.

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