Responses of AChE and GST activities to insecticide coexposure in Carassius auratus

Organophosphates and carbamates are widely used pesticides and play an important role in global agriculture. The misuse of these compounds has caused environmental problems and has had a negative impact on wildlife. In this study, the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in goldfish (Carassius auratus) were investigated. Muscle and brain AChE activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb (alone and in combination) after 2, 5, 10, and 15 days of exposure, and obvious concentration-response and time-response relationships were obtained. Gill GST activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb (single compounds and in combination), however, concentration dependence and time dependence were not apparent. The joint effect of chlorpyrifos/isoprocarb was additive with regard to AChE activity inhibition and was antagonistic with regard to GST activity inhibition.