1. Academic Validation
  2. Geniposide inhibits SphK1 membrane targeting to restore macrophage polarization balance in collagen-induced arthritis mice

Geniposide inhibits SphK1 membrane targeting to restore macrophage polarization balance in collagen-induced arthritis mice

  • Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Oct 15;933:175271. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175271.
Pei-Rong Gan 1 Rong-Hui Wang 1 Ran Deng 2 Hong Wu 3 Yan-Hong Bu 1 Fang-Yuan Chen 1 Xin-Tong Dong 1 Jiang-Tao Ke 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China. Electronic address: dengran94@aliyun.com.
  • 3 College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China. Electronic address: wuhongprof@aliyun.com.
Abstract

Imbalance of macrophage polarization plays a critical role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Geniposide (GE) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of GE on macrophage polarization remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation of GE on the imbalance of macrophage polarization in RA and how it functions. We established a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The results confirmed that pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages were dominant in CIA mice, but the polarization imbalance of macrophages was restored to a certain extent after GE treatment. Furthermore, the membrane targeting of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) was increased in BMDMs of CIA mice, as manifested by increased membrane and cytoplasmic expression of p-SphK1 and high secretion level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-interferon (IFN)-γ or interleukin (IL)-4 to induce M1 or M2 phenotype, respectively, to revalidate the results obtained in BMDMs. The results again observed SphK1 membrane targeting in LPS-IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Selective inhibition of SphK1 by PF543 or inhibition of the S1P receptors by FTY720 both restored the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in LPS-IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, confirming that SphK1 membrane targeting mediated a proportional imbalance in M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, GE inhibited SphK1 membrane targeting and kinase activity. Taken together, results confirmed that the inhibition of SphK1 membrane targeting by GE was responsible for restoring the polarization balance of macrophages in CIA mice.

Keywords

Geniposide; Macrophage polarization; Membrane targeting; Rheumatoid arthritis; Sphingosine kinase 1.

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