Functional Maturation of Cytochromes P4503A4 and 2D6 Relies on GAPDH- and Hsp90-Dependent Heme Allocation

Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 (EC 1.14.13.97 and 1.14.14; CYP3A4 and 2D6) are heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide number of xenobiotic and drug substrates and thus broadly impact human biology and pharmacologic therapies. Although their activities are directly proportional to their heme contents, little is known about the cellular heme delivery and insertion processes that enable their maturation to functional form. We investigated the potential involvement of GAPDH and chaperone HSP90, based on our previous studies linking these proteins to intracellular heme allocation. We studied heme delivery and insertion into CYP3A4 and 2D6 after they were transiently expressed in HEK293T and GlyA CHO cells or when naturally expressed in HEPG2 cells in response to rifampicin, and also investigated their associations with GAPDH and HSP90 in cells. The results indicate that GAPDH and its heme binding function is involved in delivery of mitochondria-generated heme to apo-CYP3A4 and 2D6, and that cell chaperone HSP90 is additionally involved in driving their heme insertions. Uncovering how cells allocate heme to CYP3A4 and 2D6 provides new insight on their maturation process and how this may help to regulate their functions in health and disease.

Heme protein; chaperone; drug metabolism; heme trafficking; iron; monooxygenase.