1. Academic Validation
  2. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Covalently Mucoadhesive Derivatives as Nonsystemic Intestine-Targeted TGR5 Agonists

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Covalently Mucoadhesive Derivatives as Nonsystemic Intestine-Targeted TGR5 Agonists

  • J Med Chem. 2024 Oct 10;67(19):17701-17712. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01637.
Shizhen Zhao 1 2 Le Wang 2 Xiaotong Huang 1 Yali Xiao 2 Mengqi Li 1 Xueyuan Huang 2 Xueyu Chen 1 Shengjie Li 2 Jing Xie 1 Peng Liu 3 Yan-Dong Wang 4 Wei-Dong Chen 2 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
  • 3 Hebi Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hebi Key Laboratory of Energy Metabolism, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
  • 5 Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
Abstract

Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and Other metabolism-related diseases. Although many TGR5 agonists have been identified, they might cause some side effects in the gallbladder and the heart. To reduce these side effects and improve glucose-lowering capability, we first designed and synthesized a series of 4-phenoxynicotinamide intestine-targeted TGR5 agonist derivatives containing maleimides in the side chains with different linker lengths. All of the target compounds demonstrated significant TGR5 agonistic activity, among which compound 22b displayed the best TGR5 agonistic activity. Additionally, compound 22b displayed low Caco-2 cell permeability and strong mucoadhesion to Mucin and the rat intestine. In C57BL/6J, diet-induced obese, and db/db mice, compound 22b demonstrated a robust and prolonged hypoglycemic effect along with an acceptable safety profile.

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