2. Academic Validation
  3. Microcystin-LR disrupts ovarian granulosa cell glycolysis via GSK3β-Mediated HK2 mitochondrial dissociation: Evidence from integrated In Vivo and In Vitro models

Microcystin-LR disrupts ovarian granulosa cell glycolysis via GSK3β-Mediated HK2 mitochondrial dissociation: Evidence from integrated In Vivo and In Vitro models

  • Reprod Toxicol. 2025 Aug 9:137:109028. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109028.
Jintao Yuan 1,  Xinrui Li 2,  Songci Yan 2,  Chengyu Luo 3,  Sijia Xian 2,  Yuanyuan Li 2,  Jiang Wu 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212300, China.
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Division of Anatomy and Histo-embryology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
  • 3 Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Division of Anatomy and Histo-embryology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China. Electronic address: wujiang@nju.edu.cn.
PMID: 40789351 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109028
Abstract

Reproductive disorders, a significant global health challenge, impact roughly 10 % of couples of reproductive ages. Notably, among these couples, 60-70 % of reproductive disorders are associated with women. Current evidence highlights that glycolysis plays an essential role in female reproductive function and is critical to follicle development and maturation. Microcystins (MCs), monocyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria, include various isomers. Among them, microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most prevalent and toxic form and is commonly found in water and food sources. However, the precise effects of MC-LR on glycolysis and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether MC-LR induces reproductive defects in female mammals by disrupting glycolysis in human ovarian granulosa cells and mouse ovarian tissue, and to clarify its underlying mechanism.

Keywords

AKT; GSK3β; Glycolysis; Microcystin-LR; Ovarian granulosa cells; VDAC.

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