Adenosine Receptor  (腺苷受体)

腺苷受体 (AR) 包含一组 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR)，可介导腺苷的生理作用。迄今为止，已在不同组织中克隆和鉴定了四种 AR 亚型。这些受体在暴露于激动剂时具有不同的定位、信号转导途径和不同的调节方式。一些腺苷受体的一个关键特性是它们能够充当细胞氧化应激传感器，氧化应激由转录因子（如 NF-κB）传递以调节 AR 的表达。将研究腺苷受体在调节正常和病理过程（如睡眠、癌症发展和防止听力损失）中的重要性。

Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) which mediate the physiological actions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes have been cloned and identified in different tissues. These receptors have distinct localization, signal transduction pathways and different means of regulation upon exposure to agonists. A key property of some of Adenosine receptors is their ability to serve as sensors of cellular oxidative stress, which is transmitted by transcription factors, such as NF-κB, to regulate the expression of ARs. The importance of Adenosine receptors in the regulation of normal and pathological processes such as sleep, the development of cancers and in protection against hearing loss will be examined.