TRAIL/TNFSF10 蛋白, Human

TRAIL Protein (TNFSF10), a member of the TNF superfamily, is a type II transmembrane protein. TRAIL Protein mainly interacts with TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, and induces apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. TRAIL Protein also binds with DR4, DR5, and OPG. TRAIL Protein can recruit FADD and further recruit and activates caspase-8 after binding to DR4 or DR5. Besides, TRAIL may also trigger nonapoptotic signaling through activating pro-inflammatory pathways^[1][2]. TRAIL protein is mainly expressed on surface of immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cell^[1]. TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human is a recombinant human TRAIL (V114-G281) without any tag, which is expressed in E. coli.

TRAIL 蛋白（TNFSF10）是 TNF 超家族的成员，是一种 II 型跨膜蛋白。TRAIL蛋白在多种组织中表达，特别是在脾、肺和前列腺中。TRAIL蛋白主要表达于免疫细胞表面，如细胞毒性T细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞。NK 和 T 细胞上的 TRAIL 蛋白对于控制病毒感染和肿瘤免疫监视至关重要^[1][2]。
人类 TRAIL 由细胞质结构域 (M1 -V17)、螺旋结构域(L18-F38)和胞外结构域(T39-G281)。人类 TRAIL 蛋白与小鼠和大鼠的共同氨基酸一致性< 70%。小鼠 TRAIL 蛋白与大鼠有 86.94% 的共同氨基酸同一性。
TRAIL蛋白主要与两种激动性TRAIL受体（TRAIL-R1和TRAIL-R2）相互作用，诱导肿瘤或感染细胞凋亡。TRAIL 蛋白还与 DR4、DR5 和 OPG 结合。当与 DR4 或 DR5 结合时，TRAIL 蛋白可以招募 FADD，并进一步招募并激活 caspase-8。此外，TRAIL 还可能通过激活促炎通路（如 NF-κB、PI3K/Akt 和 MAPK 通路）来触发非凋亡信号传导^[1][2]。
TRAIL 以不依赖 p53 的方式诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。基于 TRAIL 的疗法具有很高的抗肿瘤潜力^[3]。

TRAIL (human, 10 ng/mL-10 μg/mL, 24 h) reduces cell viability of HepG2 cells^[4].
TRAIL (human, 1-10 ng, 24 h) induces pathognomic features of asthma and stimulates the production of CCL20 in primary human bronchial epithelium cells^[5].

1.The ED₅₀ is <40 ng/mL as measured by RPMI-8226 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >2.5 × 10⁴ units/mg.
2.Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.484 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 6.738×10⁵ units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.484 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 6.738×10⁵ units/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P50591 (V114-G281)

8743  [NCBI]

VRERGPQRVAAHITGTRGRSNTLSSPNSKNEKALGRKINSWESSRSGHSFLSNLHLRNGELVIHEKGFYYIYSQTYFRFQEEIKENTKNDKQMVQYIYKYTSYPDPILLMKSARNSCWSKDAEYGLYSIYQGGIFELKENDRIFVSVTNEHLIDMDHEASFFGAFLVG

Approximately 20 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

无菌粉末

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against PBS or 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, pH 8.0.

<0.2 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Cardoso Alves L, et al. The multifaceted role of TRAIL signaling in cancer and immunity. FEBS J. 2021 Oct;288(19):5530-5554.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Almasan A, et al. Apo2L/TRAIL: apoptosis signaling, biology, and potential for cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2003 Jun-Aug;14(3-4):337-48.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Zhong HH, et al. TRAIL-based gene delivery and therapeutic strategies. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2019 Nov;40(11):1373-1385.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Braithwaite, Adam T, et al. "Divergent Roles for TRAIL in Lung Diseases". Frontiers in Medicine. Allan (2018)

  [5]. Snajdauf M, et al. The TRAIL in the Treatment of Human Cancer: An Update on Clinical Trials. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Mar 10;8:628332.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Ganten TM, et al. Preclinical differentiation between apparently safe and potentially hepatotoxic applications of TRAIL either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 15;12(8):2640-6.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Weckmann M, et al. Critical link between TRAIL and CCL20 for the activation of TH2 cells and the expression of allergic airway disease. Nat Med. 2007 Nov;13(11):1308-15.  [Content Brief]