2. Academic Validation
  3. Discovery of novel NSAID hybrids as cPLA2/COX-2 dual inhibitors alleviating rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway

Discovery of novel NSAID hybrids as cPLA2/COX-2 dual inhibitors alleviating rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway

  • Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Mar 5:267:116176. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116176.
Nan Cai 1,  Xiang Gao 2,  Li Yang 3,  Wenjing Li 4,  Wuding Sun 5,  Shuaibo Zhang 6,  Jinfeng Zhao 7,  Jingping Qu 8,  Yuhan Zhou 9
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: Ladycainan@126.com.
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: XiangGao511@163.com.
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: yangli2017@dlut.edu.cn.
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: 18708244935@163.com.
  • 5 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: lpfenc@qq.com.
  • 6 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: shuaibo1991@163.com.
  • 7 Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: zhaojf@dlut.edu.cn.
  • 8 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: qujp@dlut.edu.cn.
  • 9 State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China. Electronic address: zhouyh@dlut.edu.cn.
PMID: 38286094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116176
Abstract

A series of NSAIDs hybrid molecules were synthesized and characterized, and their ability to inhibit NO release in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. Most of the compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, of which (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-2,6,9,12,15-pentaen-2-yl 2-(4-benzoylphenyl) propanoate (VI-60) was the most optimal (IC50 = 3.85 ± 0.25 μΜ) and had no cytotoxicity. In addition, VI-60 notably reduced the production of PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to ketoprofen. Futhur more, VI-60 significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS, cPLA2, and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The binding of VI-60 to cPLA2 and COX-2 was directly verified by the CETSA technique. In vivo studies illustrated that VI-60 exerted an excellent therapeutic effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg through inhibiting the p38 MAPK/cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Encouragingly, VI-60 showed a lower ulcerative potential in rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared to ketoprofen. In conclusion, the hybrid molecules of NSAIDs and trifluoromethyl enols are promising candidates worthy of further investigation for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and other symptoms in which cPLA2 and COX-2 play a role in their etiology.

Keywords

Adjuvant-induced arthritis; Analgesic effects; Anti-inflammation; NSAIDs; Trifluoromethyl ketone.

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