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  3. Quantitative analysis of seven free short-chain fatty acids in infant formula using GC-MS/MS

Quantitative analysis of seven free short-chain fatty acids in infant formula using GC-MS/MS

  • Food Chem. 2025 Jun 24:491:145297. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145297.
Yunxiao Zhu 1,  Yang Liu 2,  Qiu Sun 1,  Jia Chen 3,  Mengling Tu 4,  Yehua Han 5,  Xianjiang Li 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Administration for Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Administration for Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Administration for Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China.
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Administration for Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
  • 5 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China. Electronic address: hanyehua@cup.edu.cn.
  • 6 Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Administration for Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: lixianjiang@pku.edu.cn.
PMID: 40577911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145297
Abstract

Free short-chain fatty acids (FSCFAs) are recognized as essential nutrients in infant formula. This study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive, and efficient method for analyzing seven FSCFAs in infant formula. The sample preparation process utilized an acetonitrile-anhydrous magnesium sulfate system for the FSCFAs extraction. The enriched FSCFAs were derivatized using butanol-acetyl chloride to enhance stability and chromatographic separation. Analysis of the resulting fatty acid butyl esters (FABEs) was performed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Under optimized conditions, the chromatographic method achieved baseline separation of seven FABEs within 14.8 min, demonstrating excellent linearity and reproducibility. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 12.0 to 34.9 ng/g and 40.0 to 116.5 ng/g, respectively. In the tested real samples, six FSCFAs were successfully detected. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing the nutritional composition of infant formula and improving its similarity to human milk.

Keywords

Fatty acid butyl esters; Free short-chain fatty acids; GC–MS/MS; Infant formula.

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