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  2. Sulfonamide-arylidene hybrids featuring flexible hydrazide and rigid triazole linkers: design, synthesis, and evaluation as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with anti-breast cancer potential

Sulfonamide-arylidene hybrids featuring flexible hydrazide and rigid triazole linkers: design, synthesis, and evaluation as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with anti-breast cancer potential

  • Bioorg Chem. 2025 Sep:164:108803. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108803.
Mona H Ibrahim 1 Andrea Ammara 2 Mohammed E Abo-El Fetoh 3 Alessandro Bonardi 4 Rana El-Bakry 5 Paola Gratteri 4 Nehal I Rizk 6 Maha-Hamadien Abdulla 7 Mansoor-Ali Vaali-Mohammed 8 Ahmad Zubaidi 8 Claudiu T Supuran 9 Wagdy M Eldehna 10 Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour 11
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • 2 NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
  • 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt.
  • 4 NEUROFARBA Department, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
  • 5 Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
  • 6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11786, Egypt.
  • 7 Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mabdulla@ksu.edu.sa.
  • 8 Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • 9 NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Electronic address: claudiu.supuran@unifi.it.
  • 10 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
  • 11 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, Egypt. Electronic address: Mahmoud.Farid2020@gmail.com.
Abstract

This work examines the correlation between structural alterations of sulfanilamide derivatives and their potency as inhibitors hCAs, specifically the tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII. The introduction of diverse arylidene scaffolds via a hybrid linker method, which integrates a flexible hydrazide with a rigid triazole moiety, resulted in improved biological activity. The majority of synthesized compounds exhibited potent and specific inhibition of hCA IX and XII. Compounds 10a and 10b were identified as the most efficacious, with 10a showing marked Anticancer potency towards MCF-7, MCF-7-ADR, MDA-MB-231, and 4T1 breast Cancer cell lines, surpassing the potency of doxorubicin. Mechanistic investigations utilizing MCF-7 cells treated with 10a demonstrated elevated pro-apoptotic Bax levels, reduced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels, and a twofold increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, signifying a robust induction of Apoptosis. Moreover, a 56 % downregulation of CDK4/6 indicated successful inhibition of cell cycle progression. Docking simulations carried out to confirm the advantageous interactions with the active sites of hCA IX and XII.

Keywords

Breast cancer; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; Molecular dynamics studies.

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