TGF beta 2/TGFB2 蛋白, Mouse/Rat (HEK293)

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), an extracellular glycosylated protein, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. TGFβ2 controls key physiological processes including cell migration, proliferation and differentiation via signalling through type I and type II receptors (TGFβR1 and TGFβR2). TGF-β2 is an immune suppressor involved in the development of immune tolerance, and also regulates embryonic development^[1][2]. TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Mouse/Rat (HEK293) is produced in HEK293 cells, and consists of 112 amino acids (A303-S414).

在哺乳动物中，TGF-β 的三种不同亚型（TGF-β1、TGF-β2 和 TGF-β3；转化生长因子β）被描述为利用重叠但不冗余的机制来调节细胞凋亡、增殖、分化、迁移和侵袭过程。所有三种亚型均在肝脏中表达，但它们的表达在肝细胞类型之间分布存在差异。TGF-β2 在不同肝细胞类型中的表达也与小鼠发育缺陷和纤维化疾病相关^[1][2][3]。
不同物种的TGF-β2蛋白的氨基酸序列非常稳定，由此得出结论：TGF-β2在进化过程中仅发生了轻微的改变，无论是在人类还是在
TGFβ2 是一种转化生长因子 β (TGFB) 家族细胞因子，该细胞因子家族的成员发挥着广泛的调节作用，并通过信号传导控制细胞迁移、增殖和分化等关键生理过程。I 型和 II 型受体（TGFβR1 和 TGFβR2），信号通过下游调节 SMAD 蛋白传播。这种 TGFβ/SMAD 通路在人类癌症中经常失调。TGFβ 细胞因子能够抑制响应 IL-2 的 T 细胞生长。TGFβ2 表达的程度与肿瘤内免疫细胞亚群的几种不同标记物的表达相关。此外，TGF-β2 调节胚胎发育，因此，全球 Tgfb2 缺失小鼠表现出广泛的发育缺陷和围产期死亡率也就不足为奇了^[1][2]< super>[3]。
TGF-β2 是一种免疫抑制剂，参与免疫耐受的发展，重组 TGF-β2 孵育比 TGF-β1 或 TGF-β3 更能有效抑制巨噬细胞炎症回应。TGF-β2 显示与肝内 CCA 和肝细胞癌的不良预后相关。从机制上讲，经典 Smad 信号传导以及与 Yap、Hippo、Wnt 和 β-catenin 信号传导的串扰已在肝脏和其他器官中得到证实^[1][2][3]。

Recombinant human TGF-β2 (0.125 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL) induces nonpermissive culture podocytes switch to G2/M arrest and apoptosis, selectively at advanced TGF-β concentrations and specifically in association with suppression of Cdkn2b and activation of proapoptotic p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, in conditionally immortalized murine podocytes^[4].
Recombinant TGF-β2 (0.25-2.5 ng/mL; for 72 h) shows a dose-dependent proliferation inhibition in rat epithelial cell line (IEC-6)^[6].

Recombinant mouse TGF-β2 (12 ng/kg; for 13 days; osmotic pump) treatment reverses the detrimental metabolic effects of high fat feeding in mice, reduces fat mass and attenuates white adipose tissue inflammation^[1].
Recombinant human TGF-β2 (20, 100, and 400 μg/kg; for 9 weeks) causes modest increases in systolic blood pressure and proteinuria and minimal tubular interstitial fibrosis in normal male Sprague Dawley rats^[5].

Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is <0.2 ng/mL.

• 
  Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1368 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 7.31×10⁶ units/mg.

Mouse; Rat

HEK293

Tag Free

P27090 (A303-S414)

21808  [NCBI]

ALDAAYCFRNVQDNCCLRPLYIDFKRDLGWKWIHEPKGYNANFCAGACPYLWSSDTQHTKVLSLYNTINPEASASPCCVSQDLEPLTILYYIGNTPKIEQLSNMIVKSCKCS

Approximately 12.0 kDa

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  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

无菌粉末.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 4 mM HCl.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US;may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Hirokazu Takahashi, et al. TGF-β2 is an exercise-induced adipokine that regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Nat Metab. 2019 Feb;1(2):291-303.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Zunqiang Xiao, et al. TGFβ2 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Jul;24(13):7151-7162.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Anne Dropmann, et al. TGF-β2 silencing to target biliary-derived liver diseases. Gut. 2020 Sep;69(9):1677-1690.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Dona T Wu, et al. TGF-beta concentration specifies differential signaling profiles of growth arrest/differentiation and apoptosis in podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Nov;16(11):3211-21.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. F J Kelly, et al. Acute and chronic renal effects of recombinant human TGF-beta2 in the rat. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Jun;10(6):1264-73.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. B van't Land, et al. Transforming Growth Factor-beta2 protects the small intestine during methotrexate treatment in rats possibly by reducing stem cell cycling. Br J Cancer. 2002 Jul 1;87(1):113-8.  [Content Brief]