Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 contributes to radiation resistance of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating mitochondrial function and ROS/pAKT signalling

Background: Antioxidase alleviates the accumulation of radiation-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and therefore has strong connections with radioresistance. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) facilitates the turnover of antioxidase, but its role in radiotherapeutic efficiency in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) still remains elusive.

Methods: The involvement of IDH2 in radiotherapeutic efficacy in ESCC was investigated in vitro and vivo by IDH2 knockdown. IDH2 expression in biopsy specimens of 141 patients was identified to evaluate its clinical significance.

Results: We found that Kyse510 and Kyse140 cells were more radioresistant and had higher IDH2 expression. In these two cell lines, IDH2 knockdown intensified the radiation-induced ROS overload and oxidative damage on lipid, protein, and nucleic acids. In addition, IDH2 silencing aggravated the radiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell Apoptosis and ultimately promoted radiosensitisation via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation in a ROS-dependent manner. Furthermore, IDH2 depletion facilitated the radiation-induced growth inhibition and cell Apoptosis in murine xenografts. Finally, IDH2 expression was correlated with definite chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) efficacy and served as an independent prognostic factor for survival of ESCC patients.

Conclusions: IDH2 plays a key role in the radioresistance of ESCC. Targeting IDH2 could be a promising regimen to improve radiotherapeutic efficiency in ESCC patients.