Helicobacter Pylori Infection  (幽门螺杆菌感染)

幽门螺杆菌感染是一种常见的细菌感染，影响着全球约一半的人口，其中30%至40%的美国人携带该细菌，通常于儿童时期感染。这种革兰氏阴性菌寄生于胃黏膜，是胃炎、消化性溃疡等良性疾病以及胃癌等恶性疾病的主要原因。该感染通常无症状，但会破坏胃黏膜的保护层，导致黏膜损伤，引发腹痛、腹胀、恶心和体重减轻等症状。诊断可通过血清学、呼吸、粪便抗原检测或内镜活检进行。治疗通常包括抗生素和抑酸药物的联合使用，然后进行检测以确保彻底根除细菌。预防策略侧重于卫生习惯，例如洗手、安全饮食和饮水，以及避免接触污染源。

Helicobacter pylori infection is a common bacterial infection affecting approximately half of the global population, with 30–40% of individuals in the United States harboring the bacterium, often acquired during childhood. This gram-negative organism colonizes the gastric mucosa and is a major cause of both benign conditions such as gastritis and peptic ulcers, as well as malignant diseases including stomach cancer. The infection is frequently asymptomatic but can lead to mucosal damage by disrupting the stomach's protective lining, resulting in symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis is confirmed through serological, breath, stool antigen tests, or endoscopic biopsy. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications, followed by testing to ensure eradication. Prevention strategies focus on hygiene practices such as handwashing, safe food and water consumption, and avoiding exposure to contaminated sources.

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