Inflammation or Immune System Disease  (炎症和免疫系统疾病)

炎症或免疫系统疾病涉及一系列事件，始于急性炎症，发展为慢性炎症，最终在植入物周围形成肉芽组织和纤维囊，其驱动因素是异物反应，其特征是巨噬细胞和异物巨细胞在生物材料-组织界面处积聚。炎症和免疫系统疾病涉及机体免疫反应失调，导致免疫防御过度或不适当激活。这些疾病可能源于自身免疫性疾病（免疫系统攻击自身组织），或导致组织损伤和功能障碍的慢性炎症状态。免疫学是研究免疫系统的学科，致力于理解免疫和宿主防御病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫等病原体的潜在机制，从而为免疫相关疾病的发病机制和治疗提供新的见解。

Inflammation or immune system diseases involve a cascade of events starting with acute inflammation, progressing to chronic inflammation, and culminating in granulation tissue formation and fibrous capsule development around an implant, driven by a foreign body reaction characterized by the accumulation of macrophages and foreign body giant cells at the biomaterial-tissue interface. Inflammation and immune system diseases involve dysregulation of the body's immune responses, leading to excessive or inappropriate activation of immune defenses. These conditions can result from autoimmune disorders, where the immune system attacks self-tissues, or chronic inflammatory states that cause tissue damage and dysfunction. Immunology, the study of the immune system, focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying immunity and host defense against pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, providing insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of immune-related disorders.

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