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  3. A comprehensive review on the global efforts on vaccines and repurposed drugs for combating COVID-19

A comprehensive review on the global efforts on vaccines and repurposed drugs for combating COVID-19

  • Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Nov 15:260:115719. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115719.
Narva Deshwar Kushwaha 1,  Jivanka Mohan 2,  Babita Kushwaha 2,  Terisha Ghazi 2,  Joshua C Nwabuife 3,  Neil Koorbanally 4,  Anil A Chuturgoon 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. Electronic address: narvadeshwarkushwaha@gmail.com.
  • 2 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
  • 3 Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
  • 4 School of Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
  • 5 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: chutur@ukzn.ac.za.
PMID: 37597435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115719
Abstract

The recently discovered coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious and potentially lethal viral Infection that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Since the beginning of the pandemic, an unprecedented number of COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been investigated for their potential to manage the pandemic. Herein, we reviewed vaccine development and the associated research effort, both traditional and forward-looking, to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technology, in addition to their efficacy limitations against mutant SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we report repurposed drug discovery, which mainly focuses on virus-based and host-based targets, as well as their inhibitors. SARS-CoV-2 targets include the main protease (Mpro), and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), which are the most well-studied and conserved across coronaviruses, enabling the development of broad-spectrum inhibitors of these Enzymes.

Keywords

COVID-19; Mutations; Repurposing drugs; SARS-CoV-2; Small molecules drugs; Vaccines.

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