Asthma  (哮喘)

哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病，其特征是反复发作的喘息、咳嗽、胸闷和呼吸急促，由支气管高反应性和可变性气流阻塞引起。哮喘常见于儿童和青少年，美国有超过2500万例，是由遗传易感性与过敏原和污染物等环境诱因之间复杂的相互作用引起的。症状通常可通过治疗逆转，有效的管理包括识别警示信号、避免诱因并遵循医疗建议。

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, caused by bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow obstruction. It commonly affects children and young adults, with over 25 million cases in the United States, and results from complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers such as allergens and pollutants. Symptoms are often reversible with treatment, and effective management involves identifying warning signs, avoiding triggers, and adhering to medical recommendations.

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