Hypertension  (高血压)

高血压是一种慢性疾病，其特征是动脉压力持续升高，增加心脏和血管的负担。根据2017年ACC/AHA指南的定义，高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，包括中风、心脏病发作、肾脏损害和视力丧失。高血压通常无症状，被称为“隐形杀手”，因为它可能在被发现之前就造成严重的器官损害。全球有超过12亿30至79岁的人群受其影响，高血压仍然是过早死亡的主要原因。虽然确切病因通常不明（原发性高血压），但它可能受到遗传因素、糖尿病等潜在疾病以及不良饮食、缺乏运动和肥胖等生活方式的影响。定期监测血压对于早期诊断和有效管理至关重要，有效管理通常包括改变生活方式，并在必要时进行药物治疗以预防长期并发症。

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic condition characterized by consistently elevated pressure in the arteries, increasing the workload on the heart and blood vessels. Defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, heart attack, kidney damage, and vision loss. Often asymptomatic, hypertension is referred to as a "silent killer" due to its potential to cause severe organ damage before detection. With over 1.2 billion people aged 30–79 affected globally, it remains a leading cause of premature death. While the exact cause is often unknown (primary hypertension), it can be influenced by genetic factors, underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, and lifestyle choices like poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity. Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential for early diagnosis and effective management, which typically involves lifestyle modifications and, when necessary, pharmacological treatment to prevent long-term complications.

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