Parkinson's Disease  (帕金森病)

帕金森综合征的特征是运动迟缓，并伴有以下至少一项症状：静止性震颤、僵硬或姿势不稳，是一种临床综合征，可见于多种神经退行性疾病，包括帕金森病 (PD)、进行性核上性麻痹 (PSP)、多系统萎缩 (MSA)、皮质基底节变性、路易体痴呆 (DLB) 和帕金森病痴呆 (PDD) 等。虽然运动迟缓是这些疾病的核心特征，但患者通常还伴有其他运动和非运动症状。“锥体外系”一词已过时且不准确，因为它错误地暗示了锥体系统以外的疾病，因此在科学文献和运动障碍期刊中不鼓励使用。

Parkinsonism is characterized by bradykinesia plus at least one of the following: rest tremor, rigidity, or postural instability, and represents a clinical syndrome seen in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), among others. While bradykinesia is the core feature across these conditions, patients often exhibit additional motor and nonmotor symptoms. The term "extrapyramidal" is outdated and imprecise, as it inaccurately implies involvement outside the pyramidal system, and its use is discouraged in scientific literature and movement disorder journals.

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