Viral Infection  (病毒感染)

实验性病毒感染涉及在受控环境中研究病毒的致病机制，通常使用动物模型，以评估营养不良等因素如何影响病毒复制、疾病严重程度和免疫反应。免疫缺陷-65 (IMD65) 是一种常染色体隐性遗传疾病，其特征是婴儿期开始出现严重的病毒感染，由于 I 型干扰素信号传导缺陷，导致反复肺炎、支气管扩张和感染性休克。关键的实验室特征包括淋巴细胞减少、低丙种球蛋白血症和抗病毒免疫力受损。静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗具有临床益处，而减毒活疫苗是禁用的，因为干扰素反应受损的患者存在疫苗株传播的风险。

Experimental viral infection involves studying viral pathogenesis in controlled environments, typically using animal models, to assess how factors like malnutrition influence viral replication, disease severity, and immune responses. Immunodeficiency-65 (IMD65) is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by severe viral infections beginning in infancy, leading to recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and septic shock due to defective type I interferon signaling. Key laboratory features include lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired antiviral immunity. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy provides clinical benefit, while live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated due to the risk of vaccine-strain dissemination in patients with compromised interferon responses.

参考文献: