Immunomodulation  (免疫调节)

免疫抑制是指有意降低免疫系统活性，以防止移植患者的移植排斥反应、控制自身免疫性疾病或促进异基因干细胞移植的成功植入。免疫抑制主要通过抑制淋巴细胞增殖和活化的药物来实现，并采用联合疗法来平衡疗效并最大程度地减少不良反应。这种策略对于致敏个体或排斥风险较高的儿科患者尤为重要，同时也解释了免疫系统自身存在的天然免疫抑制机制。

Immunosuppression involves the deliberate reduction of immune system activity to prevent graft rejection in transplant patients, manage autoimmune diseases, or enable successful engraftment in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is primarily achieved through pharmacological agents that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and activation, with combination therapies used to balance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. This strategy is particularly crucial in sensitized individuals or pediatric patients with heightened rejection risk, while also accounting for natural immunosuppressive mechanisms within the immune system itself.

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