Postoperative Pain  (术后疼痛)

术后疼痛是外科手术（尤其是涉及骨骼或大面积组织操作的手术）的常见且预期的后果，其特征是疼痛强度在早期恢复期急剧增加。通常使用视觉模拟量表 (VAS) 或硫酸吗啡当量消耗量等工具进行评估，并受麻醉类型、手术技术和患者个体差异等因素的影响。疼痛通常在术后 2 至 5 天内达到峰值，在涉及骨不连矫正或植皮手术（这些情况下额外的组织创伤会加剧不适）的情况下，疼痛可能持续更长时间。虽然术后疼痛通常是暂时的，但也可能非常严重，需要有效的管理以促进康复并防止其恶化为慢性疼痛。

Postoperative pain is a common and expected consequence of surgical procedures, particularly those involving bone or extensive tissue manipulation, characterized by an acute increase in pain intensity during the early recovery phase. It is typically assessed using tools like the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or morphine sulfate equivalent consumption and is influenced by factors including anesthesia type, surgical technique, and patient-specific variables. Pain often peaks within the first 2 to 5 days post-surgery and may persist longer in cases involving nonunion corrections or skin graft harvesting, where additional tissue trauma contributes to heightened discomfort. While generally temporary, postoperative pain can be significant and requires effective management to support recovery and prevent chronicity.

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