Pulmonary Hypertension  (肺动脉高压)

肺动脉高压 (PH) 是一种严重的疾病，其特征是肺动脉（为肺部供血）血压异常升高。这种升高的压力迫使心脏右侧更加卖力，如果不及时治疗，可能会导致右心室肥大、右心衰竭和其他严重并发症。肺动脉高压可能由潜在的心脏或肺部疾病引起，例如肺源性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD)、先天性心脏缺陷、结缔组织疾病和肺栓塞。它也可能与遗传因素、肝病或特发性原因有关。常见症状包括呼吸困难、疲劳、胸痛、腿脚水肿、头晕和心悸。当静息平均肺动脉压超过 20 mmHg 且肺血管阻力高于 3 Wood 单位时即可确诊。肺动脉高压 (PH) 发病率高，涉及各个年龄段，女性、非西班牙裔黑人以及 75 岁及以上人群的发病率较高。早期发现和治疗对于改善预后和生活质量至关重要。

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious medical condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which supply blood to the lungs. This increased pressure forces the right side of the heart to work harder, potentially leading to right ventricular hypertrophy, right heart failure, and other severe complications if untreated. PH can result from underlying heart or lung diseases, such as cor pulmonale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congenital heart defects, connective tissue disorders, and pulmonary embolism. It may also be associated with genetic factors, liver disease, or idiopathic causes. Common symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, edema in the legs and feet, dizziness, and palpitations. Diagnosis is confirmed when resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure exceeds 20 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance is above 3 Wood units. PH affects individuals across all ages, with higher prevalence in women, non-Hispanic Black populations, and those aged 75 and older. Early detection and management are crucial for improving prognosis and quality of life.

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