Small Cell Lung Cancer  (小细胞肺癌)

小细胞肺癌 (SCLC) 是一种侵袭性极强的肺癌，其特征是肿瘤生长迅速、增殖率高以及早期广泛转移。SCLC 分为两个阶段：局限期 (LD-SCLC)，病变局限于一侧胸部及区域淋巴结；以及广泛期 (ED-SCLC)，病变累及一侧胸腔以外的远处组织。由于该疾病进展迅速，治疗策略以全身治疗为主，化疗和放疗是初始治疗的主要方式。免疫疗法已成为一线治疗中一种颇具前景的补充疗法，尤其适用于 ED-SCLC。目前，正在进行的研究旨在根据 SCLC 的分子和生物学特征寻找靶向疗法，尤其针对复发或难治性病例的不良预后和有限的治疗选择。

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by rapid tumor growth, a high proliferation rate, and early widespread metastasis. It is classified into two stages: limited disease (LD-SCLC), confined to one side of the chest and regional lymph nodes, and extensive disease (ED-SCLC), involving distant sites beyond one hemithorax. Treatment strategies focus on systemic therapies due to the disease's rapid progression, with chemotherapy and radiation forming the backbone of initial management. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising addition in frontline treatment, particularly for ED-SCLC, while ongoing research aims to identify targeted therapies based on the molecular and biological features of SCLC, especially to address the poor prognosis and limited options in relapsed or refractory cases.

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