2. Academic Validation
  3. FSP1 is a glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor

FSP1 is a glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor

  • Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7784):693-698. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1707-0.
Sebastian Doll  # 1,  Florencio Porto Freitas  # 2,  Ron Shah 3,  Maceler Aldrovandi 1 4,  Milene Costa da Silva 1,  Irina Ingold 1,  Andrea Goya Grocin 5,  Thamara Nishida Xavier da Silva 2,  Elena Panzilius 6,  Christina H Scheel 6 7,  André Mourão 8,  Katalin Buday 1,  Mami Sato 1,  Jonas Wanninger 1,  Thibaut Vignane 1,  Vaishnavi Mohana 1,  Markus Rehberg 9,  Andrew Flatley 10,  Aloys Schepers 10,  Andreas Kurz 11,  Daniel White 4,  Markus Sauer 11,  Michael Sattler 8,  Edward William Tate 5,  Werner Schmitz 12,  Almut Schulze 12,  Valerie O'Donnell 4,  Bettina Proneth 1,  Grzegorz M Popowicz 8,  Derek A Pratt 3,  José Pedro Friedmann Angeli 13,  Marcus Conrad 14
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
  • 2 Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
  • 3 Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • 4 Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
  • 5 Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • 6 Institute of Stem Cell Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
  • 7 Clinic for Dermatology, St Josef Hospital Bochum, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
  • 8 Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
  • 9 Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
  • 10 Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
  • 11 Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
  • 12 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
  • 13 Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. pedro.angeli@virchow.uni-wuerzburg.de.
  • 14 Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. marcus.conrad@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 31634899 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1707-0
Abstract

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of necrotic cell death marked by oxidative damage to Phospholipids1,2. To date, Ferroptosis has been thought to be controlled only by the phospholipid hydroperoxide-reducing enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4)3,4 and radical-trapping antioxidants5,6. However, elucidation of the factors that underlie the sensitivity of a given cell type to Ferroptosis7 is crucial to understand the pathophysiological role of Ferroptosis and how it may be exploited for the treatment of Cancer. Although metabolic constraints8 and phospholipid composition9,10 contribute to Ferroptosis sensitivity, no cell-autonomous mechanisms have been identified that account for the resistance of cells to Ferroptosis. Here we used an expression cloning approach to identify genes in human Cancer cells that are able to complement the loss of GPX4. We found that the flavoprotein apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2) is a previously unrecognized anti-ferroptotic gene. AIFM2, which we renamed Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and which was initially described as a pro-apoptotic gene11, confers protection against Ferroptosis elicited by GPX4 deletion. We further demonstrate that the suppression of Ferroptosis by FSP1 is mediated by ubiquinone (also known as coenzyme Q10, CoQ10): the reduced form, ubiquinol, traps lipid peroxyl radicals that mediate lipid peroxidation, whereas FSP1 catalyses the regeneration of CoQ10 using NAD(P)H. Pharmacological targeting of FSP1 strongly synergizes with GPX4 inhibitors to trigger Ferroptosis in a number of Cancer entities. In conclusion, the FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H pathway exists as a stand-alone parallel system, which co-operates with GPX4 and glutathione to suppress phospholipid peroxidation and Ferroptosis.

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