Raloxifene 6-glucuronide 

Raloxifene 6-glucuronide is a primary metabolite of Raloxifene. Raloxifene 6-glucuronide is mediated mostly by UGT1A1 and UGT1A8. Raloxifene 6-glucuronide binds to estrogen receptor with an IC₅₀ of 290 μM. Raloxifene is a selective and nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator. Raloxifene activates TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression^[1][2][3].

IC50: 290 μM (Estrogen receptor)^[2]

Expressed UGT1A8 catalyzes Raloxifene 6-glucuronide with an apparent K_m of 7.9 μM and a V_max of 0.61 nmol/min/mg of protein. Based on rates of Raloxifene glucuronidation and known extrahepatic expression, UGT1A8 and 1A10 appear to be primary contributors to Raloxifene glucuronidation in human jejunum microsomes. For human liver microsomes, the variability of Raloxifene 6-glucuronide formation is 3-fold. Correlation analyses reveals that UGT1A1 is responsible for Raloxifene 6-glucuronide but not Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide in liver. Treatment of expressed UGTs with alamethicin results in minor increases in enzyme activity, whereas in human intestinal microsomes, maximal increases of 8-fold for the Raloxifene 6-glucuronide are observed. Intrinsic clearance values in intestinal microsomes are 17 μl/min/mg for the Raloxifene 6-glucuronide^[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

649.71

C₃₄H₃₅NO₁₀S

174264-50-7

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Izgelov D, et al. The Effect of Piperine Pro-Nano Lipospheres on Direct Intestinal Phase II Metabolism: The Raloxifene Paradigm of Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Mol Pharm. 2018 Apr 2;15(4):1548-1555.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Kemp DC, et al. Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation in vitro: contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jun;30(6):694-700.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Yang NN, et al. Estrogen and raloxifene stimulate transforming growth factor-beta 3 gene expression in rat bone: a potential mechanism for estrogen- or raloxifene-mediated bone maintenance. Endocrinology. 1996 May;137(5):2075-84.  [Content Brief]