Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia  (急性淋巴细胞白血病)

急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 是一种侵袭性血液系统恶性肿瘤，其特征是骨髓和外周血中未成熟淋巴细胞（淋巴母细胞）快速增殖，导致正常造血功能受到抑制。该病主要影响儿童，但也可发生在成人，且年轻人发病率更高。该病导致异常淋巴细胞不受控制地生长，这些淋巴细胞会渗入骨髓、外周血，并常扩散至淋巴结、肝脏、脾脏和中枢神经系统等髓外部位。由于骨髓置换和正常血细胞生成受损，会导致疲劳、苍白、发热、出血或瘀伤、淋巴结肿大以及骨痛等临床表现。如果不及时治疗，ALL 会迅速进展，并可能导致危及生命的并发症，例如感染、出血、器官衰竭和死亡。 T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病 (T-ALL) 是一种涉及 T 细胞前体恶性转化的亚型，表现出类似的侵袭性特征和全身性受累。

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, leading to suppression of normal hematopoiesis. It primarily affects children but can also occur in adults, with a higher incidence in young individuals. The disease involves the uncontrolled growth of abnormal lymphocytes that infiltrate the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and often spread to extramedullary sites such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and central nervous system. This results in clinical manifestations including fatigue, pallor, fever, bleeding or bruising, lymphadenopathy, and bone pain due to bone marrow replacement and impaired production of normal blood cells. Without prompt treatment, ALL progresses rapidly and can lead to life-threatening complications such as infection, hemorrhage, organ failure, and death. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a subtype involving malignant transformation of T-cell precursors, exhibiting similar aggressive features and systemic involvement.

参考文献: