Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease  (慢性阻塞性肺病)

慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 是一种进行性肺部疾病，其特征是肺部和气道损伤和炎症导致气流阻塞，主要由长期接触香烟烟雾、空气污染、灰尘和化学物质等刺激物引起。COPD 主要包括两种情况：肺气肿（肺泡破坏）和慢性支气管炎（气道持续发炎）。COPD 的症状包括慢性咳嗽伴有痰液、呼吸急促、喘息和疲劳，即使轻微活动也会随着时间的推移而加重。COPD 是全球主要的死亡原因，影响着数百万人，并且由于持续的环境和生活方式因素，COPD 的患病率预计还会上升。

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition characterized by airflow obstruction due to damage and inflammation in the lungs and airways, primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, dust, and chemicals. It encompasses two main conditions—emphysema, which involves destruction of the air sacs, and chronic bronchitis, marked by persistent inflammation of the airways. Symptoms include chronic cough with phlegm, shortness of breath, wheezing, and fatigue, often worsening over time even with minimal activity. COPD is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, affecting millions, with prevalence expected to rise due to ongoing environmental and lifestyle factors.

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