Multiple Sclerosis  (多发性硬化症)

多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，以中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘为特征，主要影响年轻人，尤其是女性。该病由免疫介导的髓鞘损伤引起，神经信号传递受阻，导致视力障碍、肌肉无力和协调性受损等多种神经系统症状。MS 临床表现多样，病程可呈复发缓解型或进行性，可导致严重的身体、认知和精神障碍。由于缺乏明确的实验室检测方法，诊断依赖于临床评估、MRI 成像以及排除其他疾病。治疗包括改善病情的疗法、对症治疗和康复治疗，以减缓疾病进展并改善生活质量。其病因涉及遗传易感性和环境诱因之间的复杂相互作用，这些因素共同作用于疾病的发病和发展。

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system, primarily affecting young adults, especially women. It results from immune-mediated damage to the myelin sheath, disrupting nerve signal transmission and leading to diverse neurological symptoms including vision problems, muscle weakness, and impaired coordination. MS manifests in various clinical forms, with relapsing-remitting or progressive courses, and can cause significant physical, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, MRI imaging, and exclusion of other conditions, as no definitive laboratory test exists. Management involves disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatment, and rehabilitation to slow progression and improve quality of life. The etiology involves complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, contributing to its onset and course.

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