1. Academic Validation
  2. Canonical Wnt signaling works downstream of iron overload to prevent ferroptosis from damaging osteoblast differentiation

Canonical Wnt signaling works downstream of iron overload to prevent ferroptosis from damaging osteoblast differentiation

  • Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1;188:337-350. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.236.
Cen Luo 1 Wenjuan Xu 1 Xun Tang 2 Xinyu Liu 1 Yu Cheng 3 Yixun Wu 1 Zhengsong Xie 1 Xiaohong Wu 1 Xin He 1 Qian Wang 4 Yao Xiao 4 Xueting Qiu 4 Zhurong Tang 1 Gaohai Shao 5 Xiaolin Tu 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
  • 2 Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.
  • 3 Department of Nursing, University-Town Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
  • 4 School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
  • 5 Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China. Electronic address: shaogaohai567@163.com.
  • 6 Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Electronic address: xtu@cqmu.edu.cn.
Abstract

Excessive iron has emerged in a large population of patients suffering from degenerative or hematological diseases with a common outcome, osteoporosis. However, its underlying mechanism remains to be clarified in order to formulate effective prevention and intervention against the loss of bone-forming osteoblasts. We show herein that increased intracellular iron by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) mimicking the so-called non-transferrin bound iron concentrations leads to Ferroptosis and impaired osteoblast differentiation. FAC upregulates the expression of Trfr and DMT1 genes to increase iron uptake, accumulating intracellular labile ferrous iron for iron overload status. Then, the excessive ferrous iron generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products (LPO), causing Ferroptosis with its typical mitochondrial morphological changes, such as shrinkaged and condensed membrane with diminution and loss of crista and outer membrane rupture. We further examined that Ferroptosis is the main cause responsible for FAC-disrupted osteoblast differentiation, although Apoptosis and senescence are concurrently induced as well. Mechanistically, we revealed that iron dose-dependently down-regulates the expression of Wnt target genes and inhibits the transcription of Wnt reporter TopFlash construct, so as to inhibit the canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt agonist, Ferroptosis inhibitor, or antioxidant melatonin reverses iron-inhibited canonical Wnt signaling to restore osteoblast differentiation by reducing ROS and LPO production to prevent Ferroptosis notably without reducing iron overload. This study proposes a working model against excessive iron-induced osteoporosis: iron chelator deferoxamine or the above three drugs prevent Ferroptosis, restore traditional Wnt signaling to maintain osteoblast differentiation no matter whether iron overload is removed or not. Additionally, iron chelator should be used to a suitable extent because iron itself is necessary for osteogenic differentiation.

Keywords

Excessive iron; Ferroptosis; LPO; Osteoblast differentiation; ROS; Wnt signaling.

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