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  3. Lactobacillus amylovorus extracellular vesicles mitigate mammary gland ferroptosis via the gut-mammary gland axis

Lactobacillus amylovorus extracellular vesicles mitigate mammary gland ferroptosis via the gut-mammary gland axis

  • NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2025 Jun 21;11(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41522-025-00752-4.
Qianzi Zhang 1,  Dongpang Chen 1,  Hanting Ding 1,  Qihui Li 1,  Siyu Yuan 1,  Haobin Li 1,  Wutai Guan 1 2 3,  Shihai Zhang 4 5 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
  • 2 College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
  • 3 Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
  • 4 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. zhangshihai@scau.edu.cn.
  • 5 College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. zhangshihai@scau.edu.cn.
  • 6 Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. zhangshihai@scau.edu.cn.
PMID: 40544167 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-025-00752-4
Abstract

Lactation is essential for supporting neonatal growth and development, and its regulation is influenced by the gut microbiota. However, the role of gut microbes in lactation under conditions of oxidative stress remains unclear. In this study, we identify a novel function for gut microbiota in regulating maternal lactation through the modulation of Ferroptosis in the mammary gland under oxidative stress. We identify Lactobacillus amylovorus (L. amylovorus), enriched in mothers with low oxidative stress, as negatively correlating with both oxidative stress and Ferroptosis. In a mouse model, L. amylovorus alleviates mammary Ferroptosis and promotes lactation. In addition to producing of short-chain fatty acids, L. amylovorus secretes Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) enriched in oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid that can be transferred to the mammary gland. Mechanistically, the accumulation of oleic acid in mammary epithelial cells enhances their resistance to Ferroptosis, thereby supporting milk production. These findings highlight the potential of L. amylovorus and its BEVs as therapeutic tools to counteract oxidative stress-induced lactation decline.

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