1. Apoptosis
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Dibromoacetic acid

Dibromoacetic acid  (Synonyms: 二溴乙酸)

目录号: HY-23399 纯度: 99.59%
COA 产品使用指南

Dibromoacetic acid 是一种卤乙酸,常作为消毒副产品存在于饮用水中的,可引起许多不良反应,包括免疫毒性和诱导凋亡 (apoptosis) 等。

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Dibromoacetic acid Chemical Structure

Dibromoacetic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 631-64-1

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Top Publications Citing Use of Products
  • 生物活性

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

Dibromoacetic acid, a haloacetic acid found in drinking water as a disinfection by-product, can cause many adverse effects, including immunotoxicity and apoptosis[1].

体外研究
(In Vitro)

Exposure to DBAA (5-40 μM) leads to significant reduction in thymocyte proliferation in vitro[1].
DBAA (5-40 μM; for 24 hours) treatment induced cell cycle arrest. The data showed at least 40% increase in the G0/G1 phase and 50% decrease in the S phase in thymocytes treated with different concentrations of DBAA[1].
DBAA (5-40 μM; for 24 hours) decreases the expression of Bcl-2 and increases the expression of Fas/FasL[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Proliferation Assay[1]

Cell Line: Thymocytes from BALB/c mice
Concentration: 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM
Incubation Time: 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours
Result: Led to a significantly decreased cell proliferative response to T-cell mitogen for 6 hr or longer. At 6 hr, significant inhibition was observed only at 40 μM, and significant inhibition was observed for all concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 hr.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: Thymocytes
Concentration: 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM
Incubation Time: 24 hours
Result: The expression of Fas/FasL increased significantly from 10 μM, and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased at all concentration.
体内研究
(In Vivo)

There is some evidence of carcinogenic activity of Dibromoacetic acid in male rats based on an increased incidence of malignant mesothelioma. The increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in male rats may have been related to Dibromoacetic acid exposure[2].
There is some evidence of carcinogenic activity of Dibromoacetic acid in female rats based on an increased incidence and positive trend of mononuclear cell leukemia[2].
There is clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of Dibromoacetic acid in male and female mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastoma (males only). Increased incidences of lung neoplasms in male mice were also considered to be exposure related[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice[2]
Dosage: Groups of five male and five female rats/mice were exposed to 0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/L Dibromoacetic acid in drinking water for 2 weeks
Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats/mice were exposed to 0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/L Dibromoacetic acid in drinking water for 3 months
Groups of 50 male and 50 female rats/mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 50, 500, and 1,000 mg/L Dibromoacetic acid for 2 years
Administration: Exposed to Dibromoacetic acid (greater than 99% pure) in drinking water for 2 weeks, 3 months, or 2 years.
Result: Exposure to Dibromoacetic acid for 2 years caused increased incidences of cystic degeneration of the liver in male rats, increased incidences of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and nephropathy in female rats, and increased incidences of splenic hematopoiesis in male mice.
分子量

217.84

Formula

C2H2Br2O2

CAS 号
性状

固体

颜色

White to off-white

中文名称

二溴乙酸

运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

储存方式
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
溶解性数据
In Vitro: 

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 100 mg/mL (459.05 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响,请使用新开封的 DMSO)

配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.5905 mL 22.9526 mL 45.9053 mL
5 mM 0.9181 mL 4.5905 mL 9.1811 mL
查看完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

  • 摩尔计算器

  • 稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

质量
=
浓度
×
体积
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

浓度 (start)

C1

×
体积 (start)

V1

=
浓度 (final)

C2

×
体积 (final)

V2

In Vivo:

请根据您的 实验动物和给药方式 选择适当的溶解方案。

以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂:
——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议您现用现配,当天使用
以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

  • 方案 一

    请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (11.48 mM); 澄清溶液; 超声助溶

    此方案可获得 2.5 mg/mL的澄清溶液。

    1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液 中,混合均匀。

    20% SBE-β-CD in Saline 的配制(4°C,储存一周):2 g SBE-β-CD(磺丁基醚 β-环糊精)粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理盐水中,完全溶解至澄清透明。
  • 方案 二

    请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.48 mM); 澄清溶液

    此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL(饱和度未知)的澄清溶液,此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。

    1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中,混合均匀。

动物溶解方案计算器
请输入动物实验的基本信息:

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

g

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

由于实验过程有损耗,建议您多配一只动物的量
请输入您的动物体内配方组成:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
如果您的动物是免疫缺陷鼠或者体弱鼠,建议 DMSO 中的在最后工作液体系中的占比尽量不超过 2%。
方案所需 助溶剂 包括:DMSO ,均可在 MCE 网站选购。 Tween 80,均可在 MCE 网站选购。
计算结果
工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL
储备液配制方法 : mg 药物溶于 μL  DMSO(母液浓度为 mg/mL)。
您所需的储备液浓度超过该产品的实测溶解度,以下方案仅供参考,如有需要,请与 MCE 中国技术支持联系。
动物实验体内工作液的配制方法 : 取 μL DMSO 储备液,加入 μL  μL ,混合均匀至澄清,再加 μL Tween 80,混合均匀至澄清,再加 μL 生理盐水
连续给药周期超过半月以上,请谨慎选择该方案。
请确保第一步储备液溶解至澄清状态,从左到右依次添加助溶剂。您可采用超声加热 (超声清洗仪,建议频次 20-40 kHz),涡旋吹打等方式辅助溶解。
纯度 & 产品资料

纯度: 99.59%

参考文献

Dibromoacetic acid 相关分类

完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

可选溶剂 浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 4.5905 mL 22.9526 mL 45.9053 mL 114.7631 mL
5 mM 0.9181 mL 4.5905 mL 9.1811 mL 22.9526 mL
10 mM 0.4591 mL 2.2953 mL 4.5905 mL 11.4763 mL
15 mM 0.3060 mL 1.5302 mL 3.0604 mL 7.6509 mL
20 mM 0.2295 mL 1.1476 mL 2.2953 mL 5.7382 mL
25 mM 0.1836 mL 0.9181 mL 1.8362 mL 4.5905 mL
30 mM 0.1530 mL 0.7651 mL 1.5302 mL 3.8254 mL
40 mM 0.1148 mL 0.5738 mL 1.1476 mL 2.8691 mL
50 mM 0.0918 mL 0.4591 mL 0.9181 mL 2.2953 mL
60 mM 0.0765 mL 0.3825 mL 0.7651 mL 1.9127 mL
80 mM 0.0574 mL 0.2869 mL 0.5738 mL 1.4345 mL
100 mM 0.0459 mL 0.2295 mL 0.4591 mL 1.1476 mL
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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目录号:
HY-23399
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