1. Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  2. Reactive Oxygen Species
  3. (±)-Carnitine chloride

(±)-Carnitine chloride  (Synonyms: DL-Carnitine chloride)

目录号: HY-B1453 纯度: ≥98.0%
COA 产品使用指南

(±)-Carnitine chloride 有D和L两种异构体。L-carnitine在脂肪酸的β-氧化中起重要作用,也具有抗氧化作用和抗炎活性。

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(±)-Carnitine chloride Chemical Structure

(±)-Carnitine chloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 461-05-2

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ¥280
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25 g ¥250
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50 g ¥400
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Other Forms of (±)-Carnitine chloride:

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MCE 顾客使用本产品发表的 1 篇科研文献

  • 生物活性

  • 实验参考方法

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

(±)-Carnitine chloride exists in two isomers, known as D and L. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and also shows antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

体外研究
(In Vitro)

The main role of L-carnitine is to shuttle long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. After L-carnitine and acyl-CoA become acyl-carnitine by activation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I, the transported acyl-carnitine is changed into acyl-CoA by CPT-II in the mitochondria matrix. Palmitoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration is increased by L-carnitine treatment, and then is accelerated by the presence of ADP. This acceleration is induced by treatment with L-carnitine in a concentration-dependent manner, and is saturated at 5 mM L-carnitine[1]. Pretreatment with L-carnitine augments Nrf2 nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in H2O2-treated HL7702 cells. L-carnitine protects HL7702 cells against H2O2-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

体内研究
(In Vivo)

L-carnitine is found to down-regulate the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and increase IGF-1 concentrations in animal models. L-carnitine administration for 2 weeks of hindlimb suspension alleviates the decrease in weight and fiber size in the soleus muscle. In addition, L-carnitine suppresses atrogin-1 mRNA expression, which has been reported to play a pivotal role in muscle atrophy[3]. Simultaneous treatment with L-carnitine attenuates the renal fibrosis (which correlated with a reduction of plasma TGF-β1 levels) and the pro-oxidative and proinflammatory status reported in L-NAME groups, with a concomitant increase in the expression of PPAR-γ[4].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

分子量

197.66

Formula

C7H16ClNO3

CAS 号
性状

固体

颜色

White to off-white

中文名称

混旋肉碱盐酸盐;DL-肉碱盐酸盐

结构分类
初始来源

Human muscle

运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

储存方式

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

溶解性数据
In Vitro: 

H2O 中的溶解度 : ≥ 100 mg/mL (505.92 mM)

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 25 mg/mL (126.48 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响,请使用新开封的 DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.0592 mL 25.2960 mL 50.5919 mL
5 mM 1.0118 mL 5.0592 mL 10.1184 mL
查看完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

* 备注:如您选择水作为储备液,请稀释至工作液后,再用 0.22 μm 的滤膜过滤除菌后使用。

  • 摩尔计算器

  • 稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

质量
=
浓度
×
体积
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

浓度 (start)

C1

×
体积 (start)

V1

=
浓度 (final)

C2

×
体积 (final)

V2

In Vivo:

请根据您的 实验动物和给药方式 选择适当的溶解方案。

以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂:
——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议您现用现配,当天使用
以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

  • 方案 一

    请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.65 mM); 澄清溶液

    此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL(饱和度未知)的澄清溶液。

    1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀;再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀;然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL

    生理盐水的配制:将 0.9 g 氯化钠,溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL,可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。
  • 方案 二

    请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.65 mM); 澄清溶液

    此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL(饱和度未知)的澄清溶液。

    1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液 中,混合均匀。

    20% SBE-β-CD in Saline 的配制(4°C,储存一周):2 g SBE-β-CD(磺丁基醚 β-环糊精)粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理盐水中,完全溶解至澄清透明。

以下溶解方案,请直接配置工作液。建议现用现配,在短期内尽快用完。 以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比; 如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶。

  • 方案 一

    请依序添加每种溶剂: PBS

    Solubility: 150 mg/mL (758.88 mM); 澄清溶液; 超声助溶

动物溶解方案计算器
请输入动物实验的基本信息:

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

g

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

由于实验过程有损耗,建议您多配一只动物的量
计算结果
工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL
该产品水溶性佳,请具体参考实测 水 / PBS / Saline 中的溶解度数据。
您所需的储备液浓度超过该产品的实测溶解度,如有需要,请与 MCE 中国技术支持联系。
纯度 & 产品资料
参考文献
Kinase Assay
[1]

Mitochondria (0.6 mg protein/mL) are incubated in 2.5 mM Hepes (pH7.4) containing 225 mM mannitol, 75 mM sucrose and 100 μM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) with or without 5 mM L-carnitine at 25°C. To measure oxygen uptake, 10 min after inorganic phosphate (Pi) 4 mM are added, the mitochondria are treated with palmitoyl-CoA (50 μM) and then ADP is added (200 μM). Oligomycin (5 μM) and rotenone (10 μM) are added 3-4 min after the ADP treatment. HPG (0-10 mM), which can specifically inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activity in the mitochondria, is added in the Hepes medium before incubation of the mitochondria[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration
[3]

Rats: After 1 week of acclimatization, rats are randomly assigned to a hindlimb suspension group, hindlimb suspension with L-carnitine administration group, and a pair-fed group. The L-carnitine group are administered a 1250 mg L-carnitine/kg dissolved in distilled water orally using a sonde. The body weight is measured every morning at 09:00 and L-carnitine solution is ingested every morning at 10:00. The experiment is conducted for 14 days[3].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

参考文献

完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

可选溶剂 浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 5.0592 mL 25.2960 mL 50.5919 mL 126.4798 mL
5 mM 1.0118 mL 5.0592 mL 10.1184 mL 25.2960 mL
10 mM 0.5059 mL 2.5296 mL 5.0592 mL 12.6480 mL
15 mM 0.3373 mL 1.6864 mL 3.3728 mL 8.4320 mL
20 mM 0.2530 mL 1.2648 mL 2.5296 mL 6.3240 mL
25 mM 0.2024 mL 1.0118 mL 2.0237 mL 5.0592 mL
30 mM 0.1686 mL 0.8432 mL 1.6864 mL 4.2160 mL
40 mM 0.1265 mL 0.6324 mL 1.2648 mL 3.1620 mL
50 mM 0.1012 mL 0.5059 mL 1.0118 mL 2.5296 mL
60 mM 0.0843 mL 0.4216 mL 0.8432 mL 2.1080 mL
80 mM 0.0632 mL 0.3162 mL 0.6324 mL 1.5810 mL
100 mM 0.0506 mL 0.2530 mL 0.5059 mL 1.2648 mL

* 备注:如您选择水作为储备液,请稀释至工作液后,再用 0.22 μm 的滤膜过滤除菌后使用。

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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产品名称:
(±)-Carnitine chloride
目录号:
HY-B1453
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