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  2. M2 macrophages-derived exosomes regulate osteoclast differentiation by the CSF2/TNF-α axis

M2 macrophages-derived exosomes regulate osteoclast differentiation by the CSF2/TNF-α axis

  • BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 18;24(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03842-x.
Yue Zhou 1 Guangyao Hu 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Building 7, Hongda Lanwan Community, Risheng Road, High-tech Zone, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132011, China.
  • 2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Building 7, Hongda Lanwan Community, Risheng Road, High-tech Zone, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132011, China. huguangyao2023@163.com.
Abstract

Background: Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption cause bone loss in several bone diseases. Exosomes have been reported to regulate osteoclast differentiation. M2-polarized macrophages exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to explore the effect of exosomes from M2 polarized macrophages (M2-exos) on osteoclastogenesis and molecular mechanisms.

Methods: M2-exos were isolated from IL-4-induced Raw264.7 cells (M2 macrophages) and used to treat osteoclasts (RANKL-induced Raw264.7 cells). Osteoclast differentiation was visualized using tartrate resistant Acid Phosphatase staining. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) was conducted to measure the levels of osteoclastogenesis-related genes. The underlying mechanisms of M2-exos were evaluated using qPCR and western blotting.

Results: M2-exos suppressed osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Additionally, CSF2 was highly expressed in M2 macrophages, and knockdown of CSF2 further enhanced the effects of M2-exos on osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, CSF2 positively regulated TNF-α signaling, which inhibition promoted differentiation of M2-exo-treated osteoclasts.

Conclusion: M2-exos inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by downregulating the CSF2 expression through inactivating the TNF-α signaling, suggesting the potential application of exosomes in bone disease therapy.

Keywords

CSF2; Exosomes; M2 macrophages; Osteoclast differentiation; TNF-α.

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